Excretory Products and their Elimination Test

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 7

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Consider the following statements and choose the correct option:

a. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is only found in cortical nephrons and not in juxtamedullary nephrons.
b. Laci cells are located in the interval between the macula densa and the afferent and efferent arterioles.

A
Both the statements are true.

B
Both the statements are false.

C
Statement 'a' is false and 'b' is true.

D
Statement 'b' is false and 'a' is true.

Solution

This is the correct option as statement 'a' is false. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is only found in juxtamedullary nephrons and not in cortical nephrons.
Question 2
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On the basis of location, juxtamedullary nephrons and cortical nephrons are the two types of nephrons. Which of the following is true about cortical nephrons?

A
Their glomeruli lie close to the inner margin of the cortex.

B
They are about 85% of the total nephrons.

C
Their loops of Henle are very long and extend deep into the medulla.

D
They control plasma volume when water supply is short.

Solution

This is the correct option as this is true statement about cortical nephrons. They are about 85% of the total nephrons.
Question 3
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Which of the following pressures is exerted by plasma proteins in the glomeruli, opposes filtration and is about 32 mm Hg?

A
Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure

B
Blood Colloidal Osmotic Pressure

C
Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure

D
None of these

Solution

This is the correct option. Blood Colloidal Osmotic Pressure is exerted by plasma proteins in the glomeruli. The plasma proteins are not filtered through the glomerular capillaries. This pressure opposes filtration and is about 32 mm Hg.
Question 4
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The following intrinsic mechanisms provide auto-regulation of glomerular filtration rate. In which of the following mechanisms, an increase in blood pressure tends to stretch the afferent arteriole which increases the blood flow to the glomerulus?
a. Myogenic mechanism
b. Juxtaglomerular mechanism
c. Neural control

A
Only a

B
Only b

C
Only c

D
Only b and c

Solution

In myogenic mechanism, an increase in blood pressure tends to stretch the afferent arteriole which increases the blood flow to the glomerulus. When the wall of the arteriole contracts, the diameter of the afferent arteriole is reduced that increases the flow of blood.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following substances is/are secreted by the active transport into the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule?

a. K⁺ ions
b. Creatinine
c. Urea
d. HCO₃^- ions
e. Hippuric acid

A
Only b and e

B
Only c

C
Only b and c

D
Only a and d

Solution

K⁺ and HCO₃^- ions are secreted by active transport into the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule.
Question 6
1 / -0

Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.

a. Renal threshold of a substance is its highest concentration in the blood up to which it is totally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate.
b. The urine of animals like marine fishes and desert amphibians is formed mainly by the tubular secretion of urea, creatinine and mineral ions.

A
Both the statements are true.

B
Both the statements are false.

C
Statement 'a' is false and statement 'b' is true.

D
Statement 'b' is false and statement 'a' is true.

Solution

This is the correct option because both the statements are true. Renal threshold of a substance is its highest concentration in the blood up to which it is totally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. The renal threshold of glucose is about 180 mg per 100 ml blood. When this value is exceeded, glucose begins to appear in the urine. The urine of animals like marine fishes and desert amphibians is formed mainly by the tubular secretion of urea, creatinine and mineral ions. This is because their nephrons do not possess developed glomeruli.
Question 7
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Which of the following changes plasma protein, called angiotensinogen to a peptide, called angiotensin II, which works as a hormone?

A
Renin

B
Atrial Natriuretic Factor

C
Antidiuretic hormone

D
Adrenaline

Solution

Renin changes plasma protein, called angiotensinogen to a peptide, called angiotensin II, which works as a hormone.
Question 8
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The stimulation of which of the following nerves causes relaxation of detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder and constriction of the internal sphincter?

a. Sympathetic nerve
b. Para-sympathetic nerve
c. Somatic nerve

A
Only a

B
Only b

C
Only c

D
Only b and c

Solution

The stimulation of sympathetic nerve causes relaxation of detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder and constriction of the internal sphincter.
Question 9
1 / -0

The functions of kidney are controlled by ADH, JGA and ANF. Which of the following is not a function of kidneys?

A
Homeostasis

B
Maintenance of pH

C
Absorption of nitrogenous wastes

D
Maintenance of salt contents

Solution

This is the correct option as this is not a function of kidneys. Kidneys do not absorb nitrogenous wastes. They remove nitrogenous wastes such as urea and uric acid from the blood.
Question 10
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In which of the following disorders of the excretory system, a person is unable to secrete adequate quantities of hydrogen ions due to which large amounts of sodium bicarbonate are continuously lost into the urine?

A
Diabetes insipidus

B
Renal tubular acidosis

C
Oedema

D
Hypertension caused by secretion of renin

Solution

In renal tubular acidosis, a person is unable to secrete adequate quantities of hydrogen ions due to which large amounts of sodium bicarbonate are continuously lost into the urine.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 7

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 7

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Question 1

Both the statements are true.

Both the statements are false.

Statement 'a' is false and 'b' is true.

Statement 'b' is false and 'a' is true.

Solution

Question 2

Their glomeruli lie close to the inner margin of the cortex.

They are about 85% of the total nephrons.

Their loops of Henle are very long and extend deep into the medulla.

They control plasma volume when water supply is short.

Solution

Question 3

Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure

Blood Colloidal Osmotic Pressure

Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure

None of these

Solution

Question 4

Only a

Only b

Only c

Only b and c

Solution

Question 5

Only b and e

Only c

Only b and c

Only a and d

Solution

Question 6

Both the statements are true.

Both the statements are false.

Statement 'a' is false and statement 'b' is true.

Statement 'b' is false and statement 'a' is true.

Solution

Question 7

Renin

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Antidiuretic hormone

Adrenaline

Solution

Question 8

Only a

Only b

Only c

Only b and c

Solution

Question 9

Homeostasis

Maintenance of pH

Absorption of nitrogenous wastes

Maintenance of salt contents

Solution

Question 10

Diabetes insipidus

Renal tubular acidosis

Oedema

Hypertension caused by secretion of renin

Solution

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