Excretory Produ...

Consider the following statements and choose the correct option:

a. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is only found in cortical nephrons and not in juxtamedullary nephrons.
b. Laci cells are located in the interval between the macula densa and the afferent and efferent arterioles.

On the basis of location, juxtamedullary nephrons and cortical nephrons are the two types of nephrons. Which of the following is true about cortical nephrons?

Which of the following pressures is exerted by plasma proteins in the glomeruli, opposes filtration and is about 32 mm Hg?

The following intrinsic mechanisms provide auto-regulation of glomerular filtration rate. In which of the following mechanisms, an increase in blood pressure tends to stretch the afferent arteriole which increases the blood flow to the glomerulus?
a. Myogenic mechanism
b. Juxtaglomerular mechanism
c. Neural control

Which of the following substances is/are secreted by the active transport into the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule?

a. K⁺ ions
b. Creatinine
c. Urea
d. HCO₃^- ions
e. Hippuric acid

Consider the following statements and choose the correct option.

a. Renal threshold of a substance is its highest concentration in the blood up to which it is totally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate.
b. The urine of animals like marine fishes and desert amphibians is formed mainly by the tubular secretion of urea, creatinine and mineral ions.

Which of the following changes plasma protein, called angiotensinogen to a peptide, called angiotensin II, which works as a hormone?

The stimulation of which of the following nerves causes relaxation of detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder and constriction of the internal sphincter?

a. Sympathetic nerve
b. Para-sympathetic nerve
c. Somatic nerve

The functions of kidney are controlled by ADH, JGA and ANF. Which of the following is not a function of kidneys?

In which of the following disorders of the excretory system, a person is unable to secrete adequate quantities of hydrogen ions due to which large amounts of sodium bicarbonate are continuously lost into the urine?