Chemical Coordination and Integration Test - 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids. GCs help maintain normal blood glucose concentrations by increasing gluconeogenesis. They also help maintain normal blood pressure and have anti-inflammatory effects.

Tetany is caused by hypocalcemia, i.e., low calcium levels in the neural membranes, and as parathormone by parathyroid gland is involved in renal reabsorption of calcium, its hypofunction can lead to tetany.

Water-soluble hormones bind to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane of the cell and initiate an intracellular signaling cascade.

Cyclic AMP sends intracellular signals and act as the second messenger.

Pars Intermedia secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). This hormone is particularly used in colour adaptation in lower vertebrates.

The pituitary gland, in humans, is a pea-sized gland that sits in a protective bony enclosure called the sella turcica.

If any traumatic injury leads to too high production of anti-diuretic hormone, water retention increases. The anti-diuretic hormones regulate water levels in the body, including blood volume and blood pressure.

Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland secrete calcitonin which reduces the blood calcium level, thus opposes the effect of parathyroid hormone.

Gastrin hormone stimulates the parietal cells of the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)/gastric acid, thus if gastrin production is hampered, it would adversely affect secretion of HCL.

Besides being produced in the kidney, erythropoietin hormone is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. Liver production of this hormone is more predominant in the foetal period, while renal production predominates in adulthood.