The Living World Test 5

• Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy and the father of systematic botany. Before him, Bauhin classified the different organisms in the whole biological world.
• But Linnaeus introduced a system of nomenclature of plants and animals which are commonly known as binomial nomenclature which includes the genus and the species of the organism as the scientific name.

Portrait of Carolus Linnaeus:

Species are those which are capable of interbreeding among themselves and can exchange the genes. These are closely related. The offspring produced as a result of interbreeding will be fertile in nature. Species cannot interbreed with the other species.

The hierarchy of biological classification is as follows:

• Tautonyms are the scientific names in which both generic and specific epithets are the same. Tautonyms are used in zoological nomenclature.
• However, in the current rules for the nomenclature of living organisms, tautonyms are explicitly prohibited.
• Example: Rattus Rattus (Rat), Catla Catla(Catla), Gorilla gorilla(Western gorilla), etc.

(a) In the taxonomic hierarchy, lower the rank higher is the degree of similarity between the occupants. 

(b) Order is the assemblage of families, which exhibit a few similar characters. 

(c) Cat belongs to family Felidae, while dog belongs to Canidae.

(d) The binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus in which the genus name and the species epithet are used for the scientific naming of an organism.

Thus, option A is correct.

• Characteristics which delimit a family are more general than those which delimit a genus, as the number of similar characteristics increases from species to kingdom.
• The term Genus comes from the Latin genus, a noun form cognate with gignere (to bear). Linnaeus popularized its use in his 1753 Species Plantarum.
• However the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort is considered as "The founder of the modern concept of genera".

So the correct answer is 'Genus'.

If the kingdom is analogous to the trunk of the tree, Phylum taxonomic category would be analogous to the large limbs coming off that trunk

The biological species concept is the most widely accepted species concept. It defines species in terms of interbreeding. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Binomial nomenclature for the scientific naming of organisms was developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Each name has two parts, i.e The first part comprises of its generic name, while the second part is the specific epithet.

(a) New individuals replace the dead ones i.e. True

(b) Homeostasis produces a self-regulated steady-state i.e. True

(c) Most homeostatic mechanisms operate through feedback systems i.e. True

(d) Cell obtains instructions for divisions from a hereditary protein i.e. False

The given sequence represents the classification of the Mango (Mangifera indica) plant.

• The Mangifera is the genus of the flowering plant which is commonly known for the fruit mango. The fruit is large and oval in shape
• Anacardiaceous is commonly known as the cashew or sumac family.
• Sapindales is the order of the flowering plants. This is the group that is composed of large trees, shrubs, and climbers
• Magnoliopsida is the class of the dicot plants to which this plant belongs. The dicots are the plants that have two cotyledons in the embryo stage in the seeds.
• Spermatophyta is the plant that produces the seeds.

The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is a small black and white mosquito, about 1/4-inch long. It has black and white striped legs, and a small black and white striped body. It is native to tropical and sub-tropical South-east Asia. Hence option B is correct.

• Tracheophyte includes four subphyla's, namely Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida.
• Pteropsida includes three classes: Filicinae (ferns), Gymnospermae (gymnosperms) and Angiospermae (angiosperms)

Pearl millet is Pennisetum typhoid’s.

Primates and carnivores are the two ordered of the same class called Mammalia. Primata and carnivores are placed together as belonging to the same class.

Species is the smallest unit of classification.

• In biology, a phylum is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
• Traditionally, in botany, the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent

• A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens. It gives a permanent record of plant specimens. The specimens are stored with a data label.
• Herbariums are essential for the study of plant taxonomy, the study of geographic distributions, and the stabilizing of nomenclature.
• Herbaria may also be a repository of viable seeds for rare species.

Illustration of a herbarium sheet:

Gene flow occurs between the populations of a species.
Example: Gene flow can occur within plant species when pollen is carried by bees or blown by the wind from one population of flowering plants to another of the same species.

One of the essential criteria of taxonomic studies is the morphological structure of plant (i.e. external appearance of plant). Anatomy of a plant (i.e. internal structure) also played a huge role for the basis of taxonomic studies.