Animal Kingdom Test 5

All protozoal species are assigned to the kingdom Protista in the Whittaker classification. The protozoa are then placed into various groups primarily on the basis of how they move. The groups are called phyla (singular, phylum) by some microbiologists, and classes by others. Hence, the correct option is Option C.

Dum-dum fever : Also called kala-azar, a chronic, potentially fatal parasitic disease of the viscera (the internal organs) due to infection by an agent called Leishmania donovani. The disease is also known as Indian leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leishmania infection, black sickness, and black fever.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a relatively mild skin disease commonly known as oriental sore, is caused by Leishmania tropica in the Old World and Leishmania mexicana in the New World. It is the most common of the leishmaniases and represents 50%–75% of all new cases. Unlike the amastigote of L. donovani, those of L.

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TbG) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (TbR).

Trypanosomiasis is transmitted to man and animals by a blood sucking insect, the tsetse fly. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus Glossina.
While tsetse flies resemble house flies, having a similar size ranging from 8 to 17 mm, two anatomical characteristics make them easily distinguishable while resting. Tsetse flies fold their wings completely so that one wing rests directly on top of the other over their abdomen and they have a long proboscis which extends directly forward and is attached by a distinct bulb to the bottom of their head.
 

Amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis) is an infection of the intestine (gut) caused by an amoeba called Entamoeba histolytica that, among other things, can cause severe diarrhoea with blood.

Silica metabolism. Diatom cells are contained within a unique silica cell wall known as a frustule made up of two valves called thecae, that typically overlap one another. The exact mechanism of transferring silica absorbed by the diatom to the cell wall is unknown.
 

There are three stages in the life cycle of the Amoeba, trophozoite, pre-cystic and the cystic stage. Tetranucleate cysts are eliminated in the faeces of the infected person. Infection with Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by indirect fecal-oral route or by sexual intercourse. The water or food which is contaminated with faeces is responsible for the entry of the cyst in the healthy individual. This cyst is the infective stage in the humans.

The amebic abscesses of the liver is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of amebiasis. Extraintestinal manifestations include amebic liver abscess and other more rare manifestations such as pulmonary, cardiac and brain involvement and they are all caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Glycogen is the analogue of starch, a glucose polymer that functions as energy storage in plants. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle.

Amoeba, called Proteus animalcule. Noctiluca scintillans, commonly called the 'Sea Sparkles' Paramecium, called slipper animalcules.

A trichocyst is an organelle found in certain ciliates and dinoflagellates. A trichocyst can be found in tetrahymena and along cila pathways of several metabolic systems.

A single paramecium has three nuclei. A large, macronucleus is essential for its survival, while one or two smaller micronuclei are necessary for sexual reproduction. Occasionally, two organisms will exchange nuclear material through conjugation, a form of sexual reproduction.

Cytopyge is a fixed point for waste discharge in the body of a protozoan, especially a ciliate. Oral groove helps in the collects food until it is swept into the cell mouth. The paramecium has an external oral groove lined with cilia and leading to a mouth pore and gullet.

Depending on the species, water is fed into the contractile vacuoles via canals, or by smaller water-carrying vacuoles. When in Uriniferous tubules the contractile vacuole collapses, this excess water leaves the paramecium body through a pore in the pellicle.

Cilia serve as the locomotory and feeding part of this unicellular organism. The sensitivity of paramecium to chemicals and other foreign bodies is still under research. Speaking about paramecium reproduction method, it has the ability to produce offspring by means of sexual and asexual reproduction.

In protozoans a pellicle is present in the ectoplasm which is composed of proteinaceous strips supported by dorsal and ventral microtubules. In many protozoans these protein strips can slide past one another, causing wriggling motion. This wriggling motion is called as metaboly or metabolic movement

Parazoa is the sub-kingdom in which multi-cellular organisms have less specialized cells than in the Metazoa.
Metazoa includes multicellular animals, having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity.
Enterozoa includes animals, such as tapeworm or hookworm, that is parasitic in the intestine.
Bryozoa is the phylum which contains aquatic invertebrate. They ingest the food with the help of lophophore and they do not have a well-developed digestive cavity.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Noctiluca belongs to order Dinoflagellata of class Mastigophora. They are large, peach shaped, colorless and have vacuolated cytoplasm. They are phosphorescent and reproduce by binary fission and spore formation.