Locomotion and Movement Test 4

Pectoral girdle is the bony or cartilaginous structure in vertebrates to which the anterior limbs (pectoral fins, forelegs or arms) are attached. In mammals, it consists of two dorsal scapula (shoulder blades) attached to the backbone and two ventral clavicles (collar bones) attached to the sternum (breast bone).

There are 12 pairs of ribs. First seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs. Dorsally, they are attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage. The 8th, 9th and 10th pairs of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum but join the seventh rib with the help of hyaline cartilage. These are called vertebrochondral (false) ribs. Last 2 pairs (11th and 12th) of ribs are not connected ventrally and are therefore, called floating ribs.

Humans have twelve pairs of cranial nerves, three pairs of salivary glands and one pair of collar bones.

In humans, the vertebral column is formed by 26 serially arranged units called vertebrae and is dorsally placed.
Each vertebra has a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord passes.
The vertebral column is differentiated into cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1-fused) and coccygeal (1-fused) regions starting from the skull
Hence Number of vertebrae present on cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccyx regions are respectively 7,12,5,1,1.
So,the correct answer is '7, 12, 5, 1, 1'.

The pelvic girdle, as above, is made up of three fused bones: the ischium, the ilium, and the pubis. The pubis forms the anterior part of the pelvic girdle. It is a flattened, irregular-shaped bone that articulates with the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint.

Exoskeleton is the external skeletal. It acts as a barrier and helps in protection of the animal's body. Exoskeleton is absent in frogs (amphibians) and due to which the skin of the frog is smooth and soft.

So the correct option is 'Frog'

In humans, the facial skull has fourteen bones. They are of mainly two types- paired and unpaired. The unpaired bones of the human skull are: frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid, mandible and vomer, and the paired bones include the inferior nasal concha, lacrimal bones, maxilla, nasal bones, palatine bones, and zygomatic bones.

So, the correct option is 'vomer'.

Patella is the small bone in knee joint between femur and tibia. It is a sesamoid bone developed in the tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle.

The pelvic girdle is made up of three fused bones that are ischium, ilium, and pubis. The pubis forms the anterior part of the pelvic girdle. It is a flattened, irregular- shaped bone that articulates with the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint.
The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis, the head of the femur meets the pelvis at the acetabulum to form the hip joint. 

At birth, the skull is incompletely developed, and fibrous membranes separate the cranial bones. These membranous areas are called fontanels. They permit some movement between the bones, so that the developing skull is partially compressible and can slightly change shape.