Neural Control and Coordination Test 11

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Neural Control and Coordination Test 11

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A typical value of resting membrane potential is

A
-100 mV

B
-70 mV

C
-40 mV

D
-60 mV

Solution

The electrical potential difference across the resting plasma membrane is called as the resting potential. Its value is - 70 mV.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following options illustrates the distribution of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions in a section of non-myelinated axon which is at resting potential?

A

B

C

D

Solution

When a neuron is at resting potential i.e., not conducting any impulse; the axonal membrane is comparatively more permeable to K⁺ ions and nearly impermeable to Na⁺ ions. Consequently, the axoplasm inside the axon contains high concentration of K⁺ ions. In contrast, the fluid outside the axon has a high concentration of Na⁺ ions and thus forms a concentration gradient.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which one of the following does not act as a neurotransmitter?

A
Cortisone

B
Acetylcholine

C
Epinephrine

D
Norepinephrine

Solution

The chemicals releasing from a presynaptic neuron and interacting with specific receptors on postsynaptic neuron are called neurotransmitters. Cortisone is not a neurotransmitter.
Question 4
1 / -0

During the transmission of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre, the potential on the inner side of the plasma membrane has which type of electric charge?

A
First positive, then negative and continue to be negative

B
First negative, then positive and continue to be positive

C
First positive, then negative and again back to positive

D
First negative, then positive and again back to negative

Solution

At resting potential (polarized phase), the in side of the plasma membrane is negatively charged (-70 mV). As the stimulus reaches, it becomes positively charged (+45 mV, depolarized phase). As impulse passes away, it regains its original ionic distribution and again becomes negatively charged.
Question 5
1 / -0

During the propagation of a nerve impulse, the action potential results from the movement of

A
K⁺ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

B
Na⁺ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

C
K⁺ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

D
Na⁺ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

Solution

Action potential is a change in electrical potential that occurs across a plasma membrane during the passage of a nerve impulse. During this period, there is a localized and translent switch in electric potential across the membrane from -70 mV to +45 mV. It is due to the fact that the sodium channels open and the potassium channels remain closed. As a result, sodium channels permit the influx of Na⁺ by diffusion from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid.
Question 6
1 / -0

Unidirectional transmission of a nerve impulse through nerve fibre is due to the fact that

A
nerve fibre is insulated by a medullary sheath

B
sodium pump starts operating only at the cyton and then continues into the nerve fibre

C
neurotransmitters are released by dendrites and not by axon endings

D
neurotransmitters are released by the axon endings and not by dendrites

Solution

A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another with the help of chemicals called neurotransmitters that are released by the axon endings formed by the membrane of a pre-synaptic neuron which may or may not be separated by synaptic cleft.
Question 7
1 / -0

Saltatory conduction of impulse occurs in

A
liver cells

B
non-myelinated nerve fibres

C
myelinated nerve fibres

D
none of these

Solution

The fatty myelin sheath of myelinated nerve fibres prevents the flow of ions between external fluid and fluid present within the axon. At the node of Ranvier, the insulating myelin sheath is absent and thus the ionic flow occurs at these points only. Therefore, the action potential jumps from node to node, due to which the transmission of impulse is more rapid myelinated fibres. This is called the saltatory conduction of nerve impulse.
Question 8
1 / -0

Sodium-potassium pump transports

A
Na⁺ and K⁺ out of the neuron

B
Na⁺ and K⁺ into the neuron

C
Na⁺ into the neuron and K⁺ out of the neuron

D
K⁺ into the neuron and Na⁺ out of the neuron

Solution

Each Na⁺ -K⁺ pump expels three Na⁺ ions for every two K⁺ ions imported.
Question 9
1 / -0

Nerve fibres transmit the nerve message by _____ means.

A
chemical

B
physical

C
electrochemical

D
electrical

Solution

Due to a gap of 200Å in between two neurons, the electrical transmission of nerve impulse is not possible because the postsynaptic membrane cannot be depolarized without the aid of neurotransmitters (chemicals). Hence, in this way, the transmission of nerve impulse is an electrochemical incidence.
Question 10
1 / -0

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
(i) Synaptic cleft of neurons secrete adrenaline.
(ii) Myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped with Schwann cells, which from a myelin sheath around the axon.
(iii) Non-myelinated nerve fibre is enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form a myelin sheath.
(iv) Spinal and cranial nerves are made of non-melinated nerve fibres.

A
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct but statements (iii) and (iv) are incorrect

B
Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct but statement (iv) is incorrect

C
Statement (iii) and (iv) are correct but statement (i) and (ii) are incorrect

D
Statement (ii) and (iii) are correct but statements (i) and (iv) are incorrect

Solution

Synaptic vesicles of the synaptic knob secrete neurotransmitter (e.g., adrenaline). Spinal nerves and cranial nerves are myelinated nerves.
Question 11
1 / -0

The electrical potential difference between outside and inside of a nerve axon before excitation is known as

A
resting potential

B
action potential

C
spike potential

D
reaction potential

Solution

The electrical potential difference between outside and inside of a nerve fibre excitation (polarized nerve fibre) is known as resting potential whose value is -70mV.
Question 12
1 / -0

Read the given statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Autonomic neural system transmits impulses from the CNS to the voluntary organs and striated muscles of the body.
(ii) Unmyelinated nerve fibres do not have Schwann cells which form the myelin sheath.
(iii) Axonal membrane of a neuron while not conducting any impulse is comparatively more permeable to potassium ions (K⁺) than to sodium ions (Na⁺).
(iv) A synapse is formed by the membranes of a presynaptic neuron and a post synaptic neuron.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(ii) and (iii)

C
(iii) and (iv)

D
(i) and (iv)

Solution

Autonomic neural system controls and coordinates such organs which are under involuntary control and unstriated muscles of the body. Unmyelinated nerve fibres have Schwann cells which do not form myelin sheath.
Question 13
1 / -0

In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive

A
K⁺ into the cell

B
K⁺ and Na⁺ out of the cell

C
Na⁺ out of the cell

D
Na⁺ into the cell

Solution

The concentration gradients across the resting membrane are maintained by the active transport of ions by the sodium-potassium pump which transports 3 Na⁺ outward for 2K⁺ into the cell.
Question 14
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about the electrical synapse?
(i) At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre and post synaptic neurons are in very close proximity.
(ii) Electrical current can flow directly from one neuron into the other across the synapses
(iii) Transmission of an impulse across electrical synapses is very similar to impulse conduction along single axon
(iv) Electrica synapses pass electrical signal between cells with the use of Ach.
(v) Electrical synapses are fast.
(vi) Electrical synapses are rare in our system.

A
(ii), (iv) and (v)

B
(i) and (iii)

C
(iv) only

D
(i), (v) and (vi)

Solution

At electrical synapse, the transfer of impulse occurs by purely electrical means without involving any neurotransmitter.
Question 15
1 / -0

Read the given paragraph.
In the resting state, the axonal membrane is (i) with more (ii) charged ions outside than inside. This unequal distribution of ions os due to (1) the selective permeability of the membrane, which forms an almost impenetrable barrier to (iii) and (2) the action of the (iv) which pumps (v) Na⁺ out of the neuron for every (vi) K⁺ brought in.
Select the option that correctly fills the blanks in the paragraph.

A
a

B
b

C
c

D
d

Solution

In the resting state, the axonal membrane is polarised with more positively charged ions outside than inside, unequal distribution of ions is due to the selective permeability of the membrane, which forms impermeable barrier to sodium ion and the action of the sodium which pumps three sodium ions out of the neuron for every two potassium ions brought in.
Thus, the correct option is '(i) - polarised, (ii) - positively, (iii) - Na + , (iv) - sodium - potassium pump, (v) - three, (vi) - two.'

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Neural Control and Coordination Test 11

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Neural Control and Coordination Test 11

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Question 1

-100 mV

-70 mV

-40 mV

-60 mV

Solution

Question 2

Solution

Question 3

Cortisone

Acetylcholine

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Solution

Question 4

First positive, then negative and continue to be negative

First negative, then positive and continue to be positive

First positive, then negative and again back to positive

First negative, then positive and again back to negative

Solution

Question 5

K+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

K+ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

Solution

Question 6

nerve fibre is insulated by a medullary sheath

sodium pump starts operating only at the cyton and then continues into the nerve fibre

neurotransmitters are released by dendrites and not by axon endings

neurotransmitters are released by the axon endings and not by dendrites

Solution

Question 7

liver cells

non-myelinated nerve fibres

myelinated nerve fibres

none of these

Solution

Question 8

Na+ and K+ out of the neuron

Na+ and K+ into the neuron

Na+ into the neuron and K+ out of the neuron

K+ into the neuron and Na+ out of the neuron

Solution

Question 9

chemical

physical

electrochemical

electrical

Solution

Question 10

Statements (i) and (ii) are correct but statements (iii) and (iv) are incorrect

Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct but statement (iv) is incorrect

Statement (iii) and (iv) are correct but statement (i) and (ii) are incorrect

Statement (ii) and (iii) are correct but statements (i) and (iv) are incorrect

Solution

Question 11

resting potential

action potential

spike potential

reaction potential

Solution

Question 12

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

(i) and (iv)

Solution

Question 13

K+ into the cell

K+ and Na+ out of the cell

Na+ out of the cell

K⁺ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

Na⁺ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

K⁺ ions from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

Na⁺ ions from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid

Na⁺ and K⁺ out of the neuron

Na⁺ and K⁺ into the neuron

Na⁺ into the neuron and K⁺ out of the neuron

K⁺ into the neuron and Na⁺ out of the neuron

K⁺ into the cell

K⁺ and Na⁺ out of the cell

Na⁺ out of the cell

Na⁺ into the cell