Biology Test 312

Agrobacterium tumefaciens plays a crucial role in the production of transgenic plants due to its natural ability to transfer a part of its DNA (T-DNA) into the plant genome. This process is exploited by scientists to introduce new genes into plants, making it a "natural genetic engineer." This method has been widely used to create genetically modified crops with desirable traits such as disease resistance, increased nutritional value, and tolerance to abiotic stresses.

The main advantage of producing transgenic animals is that they serve as models for studying human diseases. By introducing specific genes into animals, researchers can create models that mimic human diseases, which is invaluable for understanding the disease mechanisms and testing new treatments. This has led to significant advancements in medical research, particularly for diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and Alzheimer's disease.

Somatic hybridisation is a technique used to produce hybrids by fusing somatic cells from two different species or varieties. This method allows for the combination of desirable traits from two different plants, which might not be possible through traditional breeding methods. For example, it can lead to the development of new crop varieties with improved resistance to diseases, pests, or abiotic stresses.

small size plasmid will transfer easily

The Ti plasmid, found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is significant in genetic engineering because it is used as a vector to transfer genes into plant cells. The Ti plasmid naturally integrates part of its DNA into the plant genome, and scientists exploit this mechanism to insert specific genes of interest into plants, facilitating the production of transgenic plants with desirable traits.

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The main ethical concern associated with the production of transgenic animals is the welfare and suffering of the animals involved. The process of creating transgenic animals can lead to unintended health issues, and there are concerns about the long-term effects on the animals' well-being. Ethical considerations also include the purpose of creating transgenic animals, especially when they are used for pharmaceutical production or as disease models, which may subject them to suffering.

Gene therapy is primarily used for treating or preventing diseases by correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. This innovative approach involves introducing a normal gene into an individual's cells to compensate for a non-functional gene, thereby treating the genetic disorder. Gene therapy holds promise for curing a wide range of diseases, including genetic disorders, some types of cancer, and certain viral infections.