Biology Test 338

Tigris is species name of tiger. Scientific name of Tigers is Panthera tigiris. There are around nine sub-species of tigers, three of which are extinct. India currently has the largest tiger population.

As we know that a huge variety of plants and animals with different forms and structures can't be studied individually. Hence, they are divided into ranks or categories. This classification includes Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. These are known as the categories or ranks in a classification. Class is a higher category than order, Genus and species. Hence, it will include the remaining three.

There is no suffix for genus and species. Family is a taxonomic category between division and order. It includes one or more genera. Its suffix is 'aceae'. For example, Solanaceae. In the case of vascular plants order ends with the suffix 'ales'.

Thus, the correct answer is Family.

Each particular type of living thing would be designated as (species- shows maximum similar characters). Closely-related species could be collected within a larger grouping, a genus; related genera are grouped into a family, families into an order, orders into a class, classes into a phylum, and phyla into a Kingdom, the biggest and most general group.

The term and concept of species were given by John Ray in 1942. Species is the smallest taxonomic category, so it is the basic unit of classification. With reference to taxonomic studies, a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities is considered as a species. According to the biological concept of species given by Mayr "all the members that can interbreed among themselves and can produce fertile offsprings are the members of same species".

All living beings can reproduce and can produce offspring similar to themselves. Further, there are many organisms which do not reproduce (mules, sterile worker bees, infertile human couples, etc).

Every living organism is made up of chemicals and through the metabolic process, which involves converting these chemicals from one form to another and the exchange of energy, thus it is also a defining property of living organisms.

Consciousness is also the defining property of living organisms as they can sense their surrounding environment and respond to these external environmental stimuli, which could be physical, chemical, or biological.

Living organisms are

a) Self-replicating, i.e. they reproduce asexually or sexually.

b) Evolving, i.e. they change over time due to the accumulation of variations.

c) Self-regulating interactive systems, i.e. they perform homeostasis and maintain a constant internal environment.

d) Capable of responding to external stimuli, i.e. they have consciousness.

Systematics is the study of biological diversity and its origins. It focuses on understanding evolutionary relationships among organisms, species, higher taxa, or other biological entities. Carl Linnaeus was the first to use this system of classification.

According to the rules of ICBN and ICZN, the original names were taken from Latin languages. New names are now derived from Latin language and are written in italics. Each name is composed of two parts, the generic name and specific epithet.

Respiration is an enzyme controlled process of biological oxidation of food materials in a living cell, using molecular oxygen (O₂, producing CO₂, and H₂O and releasing energy in a small steps and storing it in biologically useful forms (generally ATP). Hence, respiration is a catabolic, exothermic and oxidative process.
The reaction for respiration is:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy