Biology Test 355

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Biology Test 355

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

Which one of the following statements is correct regarding blood pressure?

A
130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment.

B
100/55mmHg is considered an ideal blood pressure.

C
105/50 mm Hg makes one very active.

D
190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like brain and kidney

Solution

If repeated checks of blood pressure of an individual is 140∕90 or higher, it shows hypertension or high blood pressure. It leads to heart diseases and also affects vital organs like brain and kidney.
Question 2
4 / -1

Given below is the ECG of a normal human. Which one of its components is correctly interpreted below?

A
Complex QRS - one complete pulse

B
Peak T - initiation of total cardiac contraction

C
Peak P and peak R together - systolic and diastolic blood pressures

D
Peak P- initiation of left atrial contraction only

Solution

By counting the number of QRS complexes that occur in a given time period, one can determine the heart beat rate (pulse) of an individual. The QRS complex represents the depolarisation of the ventricles, which initiates the ventricular contraction.
Question 3
4 / -1

Which two of the following changes (i -iv) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500m or more)?

(i) Increase in red blood cell size

(ii) Increase in red blood cell production

(iii) Increased breathing rate

(iv) Increase in thrombocyte count Changes occurring are

A
(ii) and (iii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(i) and (iv)

D
(i) and (ii)

Solution

The body undergoes numerous changes at higher elevation in order to increase oxygen delivery to cells and improve efficiency of oxygen use. The early changes includes increased breathing rate, increased heart rate and fluid shifts. The later changes includes increased red blood cell production, increased 2,3 DPG production and increased number of capillaries.
Question 4
4 / -1

Directions For Questions

Given below are four statements (i-iv) regarding human blood circulatory system.

(i) Arteries are thick-walled and have narrow lumen as compared to veins.

(ii) Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain is reduced.

(iii) Persons with blood group AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under ABO system.

(iv) Calcium ions play a very important role in blood clotting.

...view full instructions

Which two of the above statements are correct?

A
(i) and (iv)

B
(i) and (ii)

C
(ii) and (iii)

D
(iii) and (iv)

Solution

The term angina means chest pain. In this disease enough oxygen does not reach the heart muscles. The patient experiences heart pain usually in front of the chest.

AB blood group person have both antigens A and B, but do not have antibodies in the plasma. Due to the presence of both the antigens, AB blood group person cannot donate blood to anyone. However, the person can receive blood from any blood group as it has no antibodies. Thus, AB blood group is a universal recipient.
Question 5
4 / -1

There is no DNA in

A
mature RBCs

B
a mature spermatozoan

C
hair root

D
an enucleated ovum.

Solution

Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and delivering oxygen to the body tissues via the blood. There is no DNA in mature RBC. The reticulocyte which is the immediate precursor of the mature RBC evolves into mature RBC within 24 hours of release into the peripheral circulation.
Question 6
4 / -1

The volume of air-filled in dead space is:-

A
500 mL

B
350 mL

C
150 mL

D
750 mL

Solution

Dead space is the space in the respiratory tract, where no exchange of gases occurs. The anatomical dead space is constituted by the conducting part of the respiratory system, i.e. nose, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles. No exchange of gases occurs in these parts. The alveolar dead space is constituted by those alveoli which are not adequately perfused. This is because the amount of blood passing through their adjacent capillaries is extremely less. Hence, no gaseous exchange occurs in them.

The total dead space volume is the sum of the air-filled in anatomical and alveolar dead space which is about 150mL.
Question 7
4 / -1

If a large number of individuals are enclosed in a room, then-

A
Oxygen decreases and carbon dioxide increases

B
Oxygen increases and carbon dioxide decreases

C
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide decreases

D
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide increases

Solution

Respiration is an intracellular, catabolic process of oxidation-reduction in which the complex organic food materials are broken down to form CO₂ and H₂O and energy. When a large number of people are enclosed in a room, the oxygen will be consumed for their respiration and carbon dioxide will be produced and released into the room. So, the amount of oxygen will decrease, and the carbon dioxide will increase.
Question 8
4 / -1

Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. the mechanism of breathing?

A
Movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere.

B
Inspiration is initiated by contraction of the diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber.

C
The contraction of the external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing decrease in the volume of thoracic chamber.

D
On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times/minute.

Solution

External intercostal muscles are related to inspiration, and internal intercostal muscles are connected to expiration. Contraction of external intercostal muscles causes an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity and transverse diameter of the thoracic cavity hence increasing the volume of the thoracic chamber.
Question 9
4 / -1

Mad cow disease in cattle is caused by an organism which has

A
Inert crystalline structure

B
Abnormally folded protein

C
Free RNA without protein coat

D
Free DNA without protein coat.

Solution

Mad cow disease in cattle is caused by prions.

Prions are disease causing agents having abnormally folded proteins.
Question 10
4 / -1

All of the following options are correct except:

i. TLC = VC + RV

ii. VC = ERC + IRV

iii. VC = IRC + ERV

iv. RV = TLC - ERV + TV + IRV

A
i, ii, iii, iv

B
i, ii, iii

C
ii, iii, iv

D
iv

Solution

LC (total lung capacity = TV (tidal volume)+ IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) + ERV(expiratory reserve volume) + RV(Residual volume). Total lung capacity is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration. This includes RV, ERV, TV, and IRV or vital capacity + residual volume. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration. This includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume (TV+IRV). Expiratory Capacity (EC) is the total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration. This includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume (TV+ERV). Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)is the volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration. This includes ERV+RV. Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after forced expiration. This includes ERV, TV, and IRV or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.

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Biology Test 355

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Biology Test 355

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Question 1

130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment.

100/55mmHg is considered an ideal blood pressure.

105/50 mm Hg makes one very active.

190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like brain and kidney

Solution

Question 2

Complex QRS - one complete pulse

Peak T - initiation of total cardiac contraction

Peak P and peak R together - systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Peak P- initiation of left atrial contraction only

Solution

Question 3

(ii) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

(i) and (iv)

(i) and (ii)

Solution

Question 4

(i) and (iv)

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 5

mature RBCs

a mature spermatozoan

hair root

an enucleated ovum.

Solution

Question 6

500 mL

350 mL

150 mL

750 mL

Solution

Question 7

Oxygen decreases and carbon dioxide increases

Oxygen increases and carbon dioxide decreases

Both oxygen and carbon dioxide decreases

Both oxygen and carbon dioxide increases

Solution

Question 8

Movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere.

Inspiration is initiated by contraction of the diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber.

The contraction of the external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing decrease in the volume of thoracic chamber.

On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times/minute.

Solution

Question 9

Inert crystalline structure

Abnormally folded protein

Free RNA without protein coat

Free DNA without protein coat.

Solution

Question 10

i, ii, iii, iv

i, ii, iii

ii, iii, iv

iv

Solution

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