Biology Test 370

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Biology Test 370

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Question 1
4 / -1

Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A
A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

B
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

C
A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

D
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution

To match the correct individual with their contribution or hypothesis, let's review each person listed along with the contributions mentioned:

Robert May is best known for his pioneering work in theoretical ecology, particularly in the areas of population dynamics and stability in ecological communities. However, none of the choices directly mention these specific contributions. Among the options, the closest (though indirect) could be his theoretical work that touch upon aspects like species diversity estimations.

Alexander von Humboldt, known for his extensive work in biogeography, made critical observations on the geographic distributions of species. His work best correlates with the "Species-Area relationship," which describes how the number of species increases with the area surveyed.

Paul Ehrlich is famous for his work on population studies and environmental issues facing humanity. His statement about the planet's carrying capacity and potential biodiversity loss is widely known. The "Global species diversity at about 7 million" might closely relate to his biodiversity and population studies, though it's not his primary known work.

David Tilman is well-acclaimed for his experimental work on biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. The "Long term ecosystem experiment using outdoor plots" directly correlates with his experimental approach to studying the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning using field experiments.

Given these associations:

A (Robert May) might best fit with "Global species diversity at about 7 million" (III) though it's a rough fit.

B (Alexander von Humboldt) correlating with "Species-Area relationship" (I) is a much clearer connection.

C (Paul Ehrlich) and the "Global species diversity at about 7 million" (II) matches if we consider his general scope in biodiversity and population dynamics.

D (David Tilman) with "Long term ecosystem experiment using out door plots" (II) is an exact match for his field of work.

Looking at the options provided,

Option B: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

This option aligns correctly as per the reasoning.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B.
Question 2
4 / -1

When we will move away from the equator towards poles, we will find:

A
a gradual decrease in the species diversity

B
a gradual increase in the ecosystem diversity

C
a gradual increase in the species diversity

D
no change in the species diversity

Solution

When we will move away from the equator towards poles there is a gradual decrease in the species diversity. This is because climatic condition becomes gradually adverse as we move from equator to poles.
Question 3
4 / -1

Match the following :

Column A

a) PTH

b) Cortisol

c) Aldosterone

d) Somatostatin

Column B

i) Mineralocorticoid

ii) Inhibiting hormone

iii) Collip's hormone

iv) Glucocorticoid

Options

1) a)-iii, b)-iv, c)-i, d)-ii

2) a)-i, b)-iii, c)-iv, d)-ii

3) a)-iv, b)-ii, c)-i, d)-iii

4) a)-iv, b)-iii, c)-ii, d)-i

A
a)-iii, b)-iv, c)-i, d)-ii

B
a)-i, b)-iii, c)-iv, d)-ii

C
a)-iv, b)-ii, c)-i, d)-iii

D
a)-iv, b)-iii, c)-ii, d)-i

Solution

Correct answer: A

PTH is the parathyroid hormone, historically referred to as Collip's hormone.

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex and involved in metabolism and stress response.

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that helps regulate sodium and water balance.

Somatostatin is an inhibiting hormone that suppresses secretion of growth hormone and certain gastrointestinal hormones.

Matching: a)-iii, b)-iv, c)-i, d)-ii (Option A).
Question 4
4 / -1

Assertion (A): Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the calcium levels in the blood by promoting bone resorption, enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and increasing calcium absorption from the digestive tract.

Reason (R): Parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and reducing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation for the Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation for the Assertion.

C
The Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.

D
The Assertion is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.
Solution
Correct Answer: C. The Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.

Explanation:
- Assertion: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) indeed increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone resorption, enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and increasing calcium absorption from the digestive tract. This is consistent with the physiological role of PTH in maintaining calcium homeostasis.
- Reason: The reason given is incorrect because PTH does not decrease blood calcium levels; rather, it increases them. The actions of PTH are aimed at raising calcium levels, not lowering them. Therefore, the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion.
Question 5
4 / -1

Which of the following hormones are known as gonadotrophins?

A
LH and FSH

B
LH and vasopressin

C
LH and Oxytocin

D
FSH and Oxytocin

Solution

LH and FSH stimulate the gonadal activity and are therefore referred to as gonadotrophins.

In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from the testis.
Question 6
4 / -1

Which one of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?

A
Zoos and botanical gardens

B
Protected areas

C
National Park

D
Wildlife Sanctuary

Solution

Zoos and botanical gardens: These are examples of ex-situ conservation. They involve the preservation of species outside their natural habitats. Here, animals and plants are provided with a controlled environment that mimics their natural surroundings as much as possible. These facilities play a crucial role in breeding programs, research, public education, and reintroducing species into the wild when conditions permit.

Zoos: Focus on preserving and breeding animal species.

Botanical gardens: Aim to conserve diverse plant species, including rare and endangered ones.
Question 7
4 / -1

Which group of organisms in the pond ecosystem is primarily responsible for the decomposition of dead matter?

A
Phytoplankton

B
Zooplankton

C
Algae

D
Fungi and bacteria

Solution

Fungi and bacteria, along with flagellates found at the bottom of the pond, are primarily responsible for the decomposition and mineralisation of dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem for reuse by autotrophs.
Question 8
4 / -1

All sensory information to be registered consciously by the forebrain must pass via the

A
thalamus

B
reticular activating system

C
cerebellum

D
pons

Solution

The cerebrum wraps around a structure called thalamus, which is a major coordinating centre for sensory and motor signaling
Question 9
4 / -1

How do ions contribute to the resting potential of a neuron?

A
By moving randomly across the membrane

B
By maintaining a higher concentration of sodium inside the cell

C
By preventing any ion movement across the membrane

D
By establishing a high concentration of potassium inside and sodium outside

Solution

The resting potential of a neuron is maintained by a high concentration of potassium ions inside and sodium ions outside the cell, facilitated by the sodium-potassium pump.
Question 10
4 / -1

Which one of the following hormones never reaches to cytoplasm?

A
Estrogen

B
FSH

C
Progesterone

D
Testosterone

Solution

FSH is a proteinaceous hormone. It does not enter its target cells, thus, it never reaches to cytoplasm. Instead, it binds to the receptor present on the cell membrane and activates a membrane bound enzyme that causes conversion of ATP to cAMP. This then alters the activities of enzymes in the cytoplasm.

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Biology Test 370

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Biology Test 370

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Question 1

A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution

Question 2

a gradual decrease in the species diversity

a gradual increase in the ecosystem diversity

a gradual increase in the species diversity

no change in the species diversity

Solution

Question 3

a)-iii, b)-iv, c)-i, d)-ii

a)-i, b)-iii, c)-iv, d)-ii

a)-iv, b)-ii, c)-i, d)-iii

a)-iv, b)-iii, c)-ii, d)-i

Solution

Question 4

Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation for the Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation for the Assertion.

The Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.

The Assertion is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.

Solution

Question 5

LH and FSH

LH and vasopressin

LH and Oxytocin

FSH and Oxytocin

Solution

Question 6

Zoos and botanical gardens

Protected areas

National Park

Wildlife Sanctuary

Solution

Question 7

Phytoplankton

Zooplankton

Algae

Fungi and bacteria

Solution

Question 8

thalamus

reticular activating system

cerebellum

pons

Solution

Question 9

By moving randomly across the membrane

By maintaining a higher concentration of sodium inside the cell

By preventing any ion movement across the membrane

By establishing a high concentration of potassium inside and sodium outside

Solution

Question 10

Estrogen

FSH

Progesterone

Testosterone

Solution

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