Biology Test - 3

A tautonym is a binomial name in which the genus and the species are given the same name. For example, there exists a species of gorilla whose scientific name is Gorilla gorilla. Iguana iguana is another example of a tautonym.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

In order to reduce air pollution, modern automobiles are equipped with a device called catalytic converter that reduces the emission of three harmful compounds found in car exhaust - carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas), nitrogen oxides (a cause of smog and acid rain) and hydrocarbons (a cause of smog).

Hence option C is the correct answer.

The correct matching pairs for the classification of Humans are:

So the correct option is B: i). ⇒ d., ii). ⇒ a., iii). ⇒ b., iv). ⇒ c.

Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name, a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the respective species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus Homo and within this genus, to the species sapiens. The scientific name is thus, Homo sapiens.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

The composition of vehicular emission or exhaust is mainly nitrogen, water vapour and carbon dioxide. The undesirable noxious or toxic substances in exhausts include carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion, hydrocarbons from unburnt fuel, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, including trace elements such as lead.

Hence option D is the correct answer.

The domestic dog belongs to class Mammalia, which falls under phylum Chordata. Domestic dogs belong to the family Canidae, and Canis is the genus name.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

Linnaeus is famous for introducing binomial nomenclature, which is the scientific system of naming living organisms.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Pinus wood is pycnoxylic i.e. it is compact, strong wood with a large number of xylem tracheids or wood and a small amount of cortex and pith with little parenchyma. It is non-porous, durable and yields timber.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

Taxonomy is the study of systematic classification of organisms. Systematics is concerned with the diversity of organisms as well as the relationships among them. Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

The ozone hole is caused by the effect of pollutants in the atmosphere destroying stratospheric ozone. During the Antarctic winter, something special happens to the Antarctic weather. Firstly, strong circular winds form that blow around the whole continent. This is known as the "polar vortex" -  this isolates the air over Antarctica from the rest of the world. Secondly, special clouds form called Polar Stratospheric Clouds. Clouds don't normally form in the stratosphere and these turn out to have the effect of concentrating the pollutants that break down the ozone, so speeding the process up. By the time spring arrives and the sun comes back after the long polar night, the ozone levels are severely depleted around the Antarctic continent causing the "ozone hole". This is then followed by a particularly long period of high sunshine and long days, just to make the effect of the ozone hole worse with all that uv light around.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

The Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark international agreement designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer. The treaty was originally signed in 1987 (effected in 1989) and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992. The Montreal Protocol stipulates that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform, are to be phased out.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

Taxa are arranged in a hierarchical manner from a small group of very closely related organisms to a broader group with more dissimilarities. As we go in the ascending order the number of common characteristics decreases and the grade increases and vice-versa, that is in the descending order, the number of common characteristics increases and the grade decreases. For example, any genus (lower grade of classification) has members with more similarities as compared to a family (a higher grade of classification) which has members with fewer similarities among them.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

The descending order of taxonomic hierarchy is Kingdom, Phylum or Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Thus, Order comes between Class and Family.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

In the case of plant classification, the taxon "division" is used in place of "phylum". The taxonomical hierarchy is thus Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. However, in the case of animal classification, "division", if at all used, is a taxon just lower to "phylum".

Hence option A is the correct answer.

Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia are all classes under superclass Tetrapoda, which further, is classified under subphylum Vertebrata. Birds are grouped under the class Aves. Examples for Amphibia, Reptilia and Mammalia are frog, snake, and bear respectively. Felis is a genus of cats.

Hence option A is the correct answer.