Cell Structure And Functions Test

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Cell Structure And Functions Test - 6

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following is the stage of inactivation of cell cycle due to non-availability of mitogens and energy rich compounds?

A
G₁-Phase

B
S-Phase

C
G₂-Phase

D
G₀-Phase

E
.

Solution

G₀-Phase is the stage of inactivation of cell cycle due to non-availability of mitogens and energy rich compounds. Cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate i.e., do not grow .
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Generation time is the time interval between two cell cycles and varies from a few minutes to a few days.
b. Cyclin dependent protein kinases controls various phases of the cell cycle.

A
Both the statements are true.

B
Both the statements are false.

C
Statement 'a' is true, but statement 'b' is false.

D
Statement 'b' is true, but statement 'a' is false.

E
.

Solution

Generation time is the time interval between two cell cycles and varies from a few minutes to a few days. It depends upon the type of cell and its environmental conditions. Cyclin dependent protein kinases controls various phases of the cell cycle.
Question 3
1 / -0

Mitosis is the most common method of division which brings about growth in multicellular organisms. Which of the following is/are the significance of mitosis?

A
Maintenance of surface/volume ratio

B
Maintenance of nucleocytoplasmic ratio

C
Maintenance of chromosome number

D
All of these

E
.
Solution
The significance of the mitotic cell division are:
- Mitosis keeps chromosome number constant.
- Maintains genetic stability in daughter cells.
- Helps in the maintenance of surface/volume ratio and nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
Question 4
1 / -0

Cell division is the process of formation of new or daughter cells from the pre-existing or parent cells. Which of the following factors control(s) cell division?

a. Cell size
b. Kernplasma ratio
c. Mitogens

A
Only a

B
Only a and b

C
Only c

D
All of these

E
.

Solution

The factors which control cell division are:

Cell Size: Cells are capable of division. Cells grow for some time, attain a particular size and then undergo division.

Kernplasma or Karyoplasmic Ratio: Rise in cell volume disturbs kernplasma ratio. It stimulates the cell to divide.

Mitogens: Mitogens are agents, factors or substances which triger cell division. The common plant mitogen is hormone cytokinin. There are several mitogenic substances known in human beings, e.g., lymphokines, EGF (epidermal growth factor), PDGF (Platelet derived growth factor).
Question 5
1 / -0

G₂Phase prepares the cell to undergo division. Which of the following is the characteristic of G₂Phase?

A
This phase synthesises RNAs, proteins and other biochemicals for spindle formation and M-Phase division.

B
Cell organelles do not increase in number.

C
Cell grows in size but the growth of nucleus is little.

D
It is the first substage of interphase.

E
.

Solution

Th G₂Phase synthesizes RNAs, proteins and other biochemicals for spindle formation and M-Phase division. Both cell and nucleus grow in the G₂Phase. The cell also undergoes a check phase at this stage.
Question 6
1 / -0

Cell division occurs in three ways. Which of the following cell divisions is/are called direct cell division(s)?

a. Amitosis
b. Mitosis
c. Meiosis

A
Only a

B
Only a and b

C
Only a and c

D
Only b and c

E
.

Solution

This is the correct option. Amitosis is a simple method of cell division which is also called direct cell division. In this, there is no differentiation of chromosomes and spindle. There is first a simple cleavage of the nucleus without change in its structure (such as the formation of chromosomes), followed by the division of the cytoplasm.
Question 7
1 / -0

Read the following statements and answer accordingly:

a. In anaphase, differentiation between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm disappears and endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex disorganised.
b. Mitosis is often named as somatic cell division as it occurs in the formation of somatic body cells.

A
Both the statements are true.

B
Both the statements are false.

C
Statement 'a' is false, but statement 'b' is true.

D
Statement 'b' is false, but statement 'a' is true.

E
.

Solution

Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase. During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope that encloses the nucleus breaks down, and the nucleus is no longer separated from the cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex disorganised.
Question 8
1 / -0

Prophase is often studied in three substages. In which of the following stages, chromosomes shift towards the periphery so as to leave a clear central area?

a. Early prophase
b. Middle prophase
c. Late prophase

A
Only a

B
Only b

C
Only c

D
Only a and c

E
.

Solution

In middle prophase, chromosomes shift towards the periphery so as to leave a clear central area. Simultaneously, they shorten and thicken further to assume characteristic shape and size.
Question 9
1 / -0

In which of the following stages of karyokinesis, the cytoplasmic viscosity decreases and two chromosome groups reorganise themselves into nuclei?

A
Metaphase

B
Prophase

C
Telophase

D
Anaphase

E
.

Solution

Telophase is technically the final stage of mitosis. During this phase, the sister chromatids reach opposite poles. The small nuclear vesicles in the cell begin to re-form around the group of chromosomes at each end. In telophase, the cytoplasmic viscosity decreases and two chromosome groups reorganise themselves into nuclei.
Question 10
1 / -0

Plant cytokinesis is different from animal cytokinesis due to the presence of a solid cell wall on the outside. Which of the following is a characteristic of plant cytokinesis?

A
It takes place by cleavage method.

B
The spindle begins to degenerate soon after anaphase.

C
A mid body of dense fibrous and vesicular material is formed in the middle.

D
The new cell membrane is derived from vesicles of Golgi apparatus.

E
.

Solution

Cytokinesis occurs by a special mechanism in higher-plant cells in which the cytoplasm is partitioned by the construction of a new cell wall, the cell plate, inside the cell. The position of the cell plate is determined by the position of a preprophase band of microtubules and actin filaments. In plant cytokinesis, the new cell membrane is derived from the vesicles of Golgi apparatus.
Question 11
1 / -0

Which of the following statements about animal mitosis is false?

A
Animal mitosis is controlled by a number of mitogens.

B
The cell does not change shape prior to division.

C
Spindle is astral with one aster at each pole.

D
Cytokinesis occurs by cleavage.

E
.

Solution

The cell often becomes spherical prior to division. The cell does not change shape prior to division in plant mitosis.
Question 12
1 / -0

In which of the following stages of prophase I, nucleus enlarges but their ends remain attached to nuclear envelope through attachment plate?

A
Zygotene

B
Pachytene

C
Leptotene

D
Diplotene

E
.

Solution

During leptotene phase, nucleus enlarges but their ends remain attached to nuclear envelope through attachment plate. At the transition to the zygotene stage, the telomeres usually aggregate at a nuclear envelope sector, thereby forming a meiotic bouquet.
Question 13
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Mitotic division in which nuclear envelope degenerates during organisation of spindle is called eumitosis.
b. In the telophase, the spindle fibres disappear around the poles and Golgi complex and endoplasmic recticulum are reformed.

A
Both the statements are true.

B
Both the statements are false.

C
Statement 'a' is true , but statement 'b' is false.

D
Statement 'b' is true, but statement 'a' is false.

E
.

Solution

Eumitosis is a type of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane dissolves during prometaphase so that there remains no distinction between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. The chromosomes remain attached to the spindles through their centromeres.
In the telophase the spindle fibres disappear around the poles. Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are reformed. In animal cells the astral rays are also withdrawn. Rest of the spindle fibres persist during the cell plate method of cytokinesis but disappear where cytokinesis takes place by cleavage or constriction.
Question 14
1 / -0

In which of the following stages of Meiosis I, the polar groups of chromosomes arrange themselves into haploid or dyad nuclei and elongate?

A
Telophase I

B
Anaphase I

C
Metaphase I

D
None of these

E
.

Solution

In Telophase I, the polar groups of chromosomes arrange themselves into haploid or dyad nuclei and elongate.
The polar groups of chromosomes arrange themselves into haploid or dyad nuclei. The chromosomes elongate. A nucleolus is formed by the satellite chromosome. It is followed by the appearance of nucleoplasm and nuclear envelope. The elongated chromosomes usually remain straight and do not enter the interphase. In some cases telophase is completely absent and the anaphase chromosomes directly enter the metaphase of homotypic division.
Question 15
1 / -0

Meiosis II is divided into four phases. The centromere of each chromosome divides into two so that there is one centromere for each chromatid in

A
Telophase II

B
Metaphase II

C
Anaphase II

D
Prophase II

E
.

Solution

The centromere of each chromosome divides into two so that there is one centromere for each chromatid in Anaphase II. It is the stage when sister chromatids of every chromosome separate and begin to move towards the opposite ends of the cell. The separation and the movement is due to the shortening of the kinetochore microtubules. Anaphase II precedes telophase II.

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Cell Structure And Functions Test - 6

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Question 1

G1-Phase

S-Phase

G2-Phase

G0-Phase

.

Solution

Question 2

Both the statements are true.

Both the statements are false.

Statement 'a' is true, but statement 'b' is false.

Statement 'b' is true, but statement 'a' is false.

.

Solution

Question 3

Maintenance of surface/volume ratio

Maintenance of nucleocytoplasmic ratio

Maintenance of chromosome number

All of these

.

Solution

Question 4

Only a

Only a and b

Only c

All of these

.

Solution

Question 5

This phase synthesises RNAs, proteins and other biochemicals for spindle formation and M-Phase division.

Cell organelles do not increase in number.

Cell grows in size but the growth of nucleus is little.

It is the first substage of interphase.

.

Solution

Question 6

Only a

Only a and b

Only a and c

Only b and c

.

Solution

Question 7

Both the statements are true.

Both the statements are false.

Statement 'a' is false, but statement 'b' is true.

Statement 'b' is false, but statement 'a' is true.

.

Solution

Question 8

Only a

Only b

Only c

Only a and c

.

Solution

Question 9

Metaphase

Prophase

Telophase

Anaphase

.

Solution

Question 10

It takes place by cleavage method.

The spindle begins to degenerate soon after anaphase.

A mid body of dense fibrous and vesicular material is formed in the middle.

The new cell membrane is derived from vesicles of Golgi apparatus.

.

Solution

Question 11

Animal mitosis is controlled by a number of mitogens.

G₁-Phase

G₂-Phase

G₀-Phase