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Ecology Test - 5

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Ecology Test - 5
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which among the following methods can be effective against pollution?
    Solution
    Sewage treatment, tall chimneys with modern filter and afforestation are some of the methods to reduce pollution.

    Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater that is safe enough for release into the environment.

    A chimney is a structure that provides ventilation for hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney effect.

    Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is incorrect for ozone layer?
    Solution
    Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons—gases formerly found in aerosol spray cans and refrigerants—are released into the atmosphere.

    CFCs and halons cause chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules, reducing ozone's ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity.

    Hence, the statement that ozone layer depletion occurs because of burning of plants is incorrect.

    Rest all the statements are advantages of Ozone layer in atmosphere or causes of its depletion.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which among the following energy resources is non-renewable?
    Solution
    Petroleum, along with oil and coal, is classified as a fossil fuel.
    All fossil fuels are nonrenewable, but not all nonrenewable energy sources are fossil fuels. Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels because they were formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.

    Fossil fuels take millions of years to form and therefore petroleum is also considered to be a non-renewable energy source.Petroleum is formed by hydrocarbons (a hydrocarbon is a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen) with the addition of certain other substances, primarily sulphur.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which among the following programmes can benefit human and animals both, by controlling pollution?
    Solution
    Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees (forestation) in an area where there was no previous tree cover.

    Many government and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture and carbon sequestration, and help to anthropogenically improve biodiversity.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which among the following practices cannot help in soil replenishment?
    Solution
    Two natural ways of soil replenishment are -
    Crop rotation: different crops having varied requirements and should be grown during different seasons on the same land, so that the soil is not depleted of any particular nutrient. One legume crop should be grown between two cereal crops, as leguminous plants have nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots which replenish the soil.

    To leave the land fallow: leaving the land free for a season helps the soil to make up for the lost nutrients. During the fallow period, the soil replenishes its nutrients by the action of microbes and other animals like worms, insects.

    Thus, adding the chemical fertilisers is not a way for soil replenishment.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which among the following materials is a biodegradable waste?
    Solution
    Papers are made from wood pulp, so almost all paper products will be biodegradable. There are exceptions as some paper products like plates and cups are coated with a layer of plastic designed to make them waterproof, but that coating will also prevent or slow down decomposition.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following fuel is cheap, non-polluting and labor saving fuel especially for vast rural population of India?
    Solution
    Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source.

    Biogas can be used for electricity production on sewage works, in a CHP gas engine, where the waste heat from the engine is conveniently used for heating the digester; cooking; space heating; water heating; and process heating. If compressed, it can replace compressed natural gas for use in vehicles, where it can fuel an internal combustion engine or fuel cells and is a much more effective displacer of carbon dioxide than the normal use in on-site CHP plants.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following gases is responsible for the green house effect?
    Solution
    A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.

    Gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat just like the glass roof of a greenhouse. These heat-trapping gases are called greenhouse gases.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    What type of resource is biomass?
    Solution
    Biomass is waste material from plants or animals that is not used for food or feed; it can be waste from farming or horticulture, food processing, animal farming, or human waste from sewage plants. It is used in various industrial processes, like energy production or as raw materials for manufacturing chemicals.

    Burning biomass releases carbon emissions, but has been classed as a renewable energy source in the EU and UN legal frameworks, because plant stocks can be replaced with new growth.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Hydroelectric power plants are used to generate power by which of the following type of resources?
    Solution
    Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity.
    The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    Which process causes breaking of rocks?
    Solution
    Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice. There are two types of weathering: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical weathering is the disintegration of rock into smaller and smaller fragments and chemical weathering is the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by chemical reactions. These reactions include oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Which gas is present abundantly in the atmosphere?
    Solution
    The atmosphere contains many gases, most in small amounts, including some pollutants and greenhouse gases. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen, with oxygen second. Argon, an inert gas, is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    Which of the following types of soil is sandy and poor in organic carbon?
    Solution
    Desert soil is mostly sandy soil (90–95%) found in low-rainfall regions. It has a low content of nitrogen and organic matter with very high calcium carbonate and phosphate, thus making it infertile.
    This soil is susceptible to wind erosion and supports a low density of population.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    Which of the following soil type is less fertile?
    Solution
    The driest soils, in deserts, have very little organic matter because there is not enough water to support a large or diverse plant community. Desert soils are nutrient poor because of the low organic matter and because the lack of water slows the weathering process that can release nutrients from soil minerals.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Which atmospheric layer is nearest to Earth?
    Solution
    The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, and is also where nearly all weather conditions take place. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    Which of the following terms is a synonym for green plants?
    Solution
    Green plants make there own food.

    Similarly, autotrophs means organisms which make their own food. (Auto means on own).

    Some plant species are parasitic, meaning they get their nutrients from other sources. So, parasitic plants are heterotrophic.

    Therefore, any plant with green leaves is classified as an autotroph.

    So, from above given information it is clear that option 1 is correct answer here.
  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    What is the process by which plants synthesize their own food?
    Solution
    The process by which green plants make their own food from carbon-dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

    During this process oxygen gas is released.

    So, option 3 is the correct answer here.
  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    Which organisms are at the top of food web?
    Solution
    Decomposers decompose the dead animals at the end of the food web.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    Which of the following trophic level has the greatest biomass in an ecosystem?
    Solution
    Biomass can be defined as the weight of living matter (usually measured in dry weight per unit area). In most ecosystems, the amount of biomass found in each trophic level decreases progressively as one moves from the beginning to the end of the grazing food chain. Plants are the original source of fixed organic energy in the ecosystems. Only the primary consumers or herbivores directly feed on the primary producers, and thereby they have greatest biomass.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    What is an ecosystem?
    Solution
    An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
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