Air Pollution Test

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Air Pollution Test - 4

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is true for potable water?

A
Water that can be used for bathing and washing and not fit for drinking

B
Water safe for drinking purpose

C
Water that can be easily accessible

D
Water that can easily be transported from one place to another

Solution

Potable water implies water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.

Question 2

1 / -0

Study the dichotomous key and identify the events X, Y and Z.

I. (i) A form of normal precipitation
(ii) Precipitation is not normal Go to II
II. (i) An extended period of water shortage
(ii) An overflow of water submerging land

	X	Y	Z
(1)	Flood	Drought	Rain
(2)	Rain	Flood	Drought
(3)	Rain	Drought	Flood
(4)	Drought	Rain	Flood

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

X represents rain, which is the normal form of precipitation.
Y represents drought, which is a condition of acute water shortage.
Z represents floods caused by excessive rains that cause devastation by submerging the land areas under water.

Question 3
1 / -0

What is meant by the term contamination?

A
The concentration of a toxic substance is above natural levels.

B
The concentration of a toxic substance is not above natural levels.

C
The presence of any undesirable substance that lowers the quality of water even if it is not harmful to humans.

D
The presence of any undesirable substance that lowers the quality of water and is harmful to humans.

Solution

A contaminant is any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water that makes it impure.
Some drinking water contaminants may be harmful if consumed at certain levels in drinking water, while others may be harmless.
The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following are non-point sources of water pollution?

A
Factories

B
Sewage treatment plants

C
Urban and suburban lands

D
All of the above

Solution

Urban and suburban areas are non-point sources of pollution because much of the land surface in these areas is covered by buildings, pavement and compacted landscapes. These surfaces do not allow rain and snowmelt to soak into the ground which greatly increases the volume and velocity of stormwater runoff.
Pollutants from urban runoff include: Sediment; Oil, grease and toxic chemicals from motor vehicles; pesticides and nutrients from lawns and gardens; viruses, bacteria and nutrients from pet waste and failing septic systems; and road salts.
Question 5
1 / -0

BOD is ______ in polluted water and ______ in potable water.

A
more, less

B
less, medium

C
medium, more

D
less, more

Solution

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen required by the aerobic bacteria to break down organic matter present in a given water sample. Higher value is indicative of water pollution.
A water supply with a BOD level of 3-5 ppm is considered moderately clean.
In water with a BOD level of 6-9 ppm, the water is considered somewhat polluted because there is usually organic matter present and bacteria are decomposing this waste.
Question 6
1 / -0

The underground water is mainly polluted due to

A
leaky sewers

B
poorly constructed and abandoned wells

C
poorly constructed and abandoned septic tanks

D
All of the above

Solution

Ground water contamination may occur due to natural as well as man-made causes.
All of the above mentioned causes are responsible for ground water pollution.
Question 7
1 / -0

Fish die in water polluted by sewage due to

A
pathogens

B
reduction in O₂

C
clogging of gills by silt

D
foul smell

Solution

Addition of organic waste to water bodies reduces the amount of oxygen in the water.
This is because the aerobic bacteria utilise the oxygen to decompose the organic matter, thereby creating a shortage because of which the fish and other aquatic animals die of suffocation.
Question 8
1 / -0

Liquid waste that is discharged from the industries is referred to as industrial ___________.

A
effluent

B
sewage

C
sludge

D
slurry

Solution

Industrial wastewater is referred to as industrial effluent, which usually contains toxic substances.
Hence, it should be treated before it is released into the water bodies.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following factors causes the removal of oxygen from the water, consequently killing aquatic plants and animals?

A
Lead dust from the exhaust fumes of vehicles

B
Chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, washed off from surrounding lands

C
Human and livestock wastes

D
None of these

Solution

Although exposure to agricultural chemicals can occasionally result in direct fish mortality, most fish kills in recreational and farm ponds are the result of oxygen depletion, which may occur due to addition of organic waste to the water.

Question 10

1 / -0

Study the given flowchart regarding the causes of water pollution and select the suitable examples of W, X, Y, U and V:

	W	X	Y	U	V
(1)	Oil spills	Pesticides	Detergents	Bacteria	Viruses
(2)	Soaps	Detergents	Bacteria	Oil spills	Viruses
(3)	Soaps	Pesticides	Viruses	Bacteria	Oil spills
(4)	Soaps	Pesticides	Oil spills	Detergents	Viruses

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

Oil spills are physical pollutants.
Pesticides and detergents are chemical pollutants.
Bacteria and viruses are biological pollutants.
Hence, option (1) is correct.

Question 11

1 / -0

Observe the table given below and identify the components of the air represented by W, X, Y and Z.

	W	X	Y	Z
(1)	CO₂	N₂	CO₂	O₂
(2)	CO₂	CO₂	N₂	O₂
(3)	N₂	O₂	CO₂	CO₂
(4)	CO₂	N₂	O₂	CO₂

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

W is CO₂, the raw material for photosynthesis.
X is N₂,which keeps the process of combustion under control.
Y is O₂, the supporter of combustion.
Z is CO₂, which is a greenhouse gas and absorbs some of the heat radiated by the Earth and prevents any excessive drop in the temperature of the Earth after sunset.
Hence, option (4) is correct.

Question 12
1 / -0

Which of the following processes does not remove oxygen from the atmosphere?

A
Respiration

B
Burning of fuels

C
Dissolution in water bodies

D
Volcanic eruptions

Solution

Oxygen is not consumed during volcanic eruptions.
It is used by the living organisms for respiration.
It is a basic requirement for all burning processes.
Some amount of atmospheric oxygen also dissolves in water bodies and hence, it is available for the aquatic plants and animals.
Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.

Question 13

1 / -0

Select the option that correctly fills the blanks in the given statements.

I. Air supports combustion because of the presence of __(i)__ gas in it.
II. The most abundant gas in the air is __(ii)__.
III. __(iii)__ and __(iv)__ keep the Earth warm even after sunset because they absorb some of the heat radiated by the Earth.
IV. __(v)__ is the most abundant noble gas in the air.

	(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)
(1)	oxygen	water vapour	Carbon dioxide	methane	Xenon
(2)	ozone	nitrogen	Carbon monoxide	methane	Helium
(3)	oxygen	nitrogen	Carbon dioxide	Nitrogen dioxide	Neon
(4)	oxygen	nitrogen	Carbon dioxide	methane	Argon

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

The complete statements are:
I. Air supports combustion because of the presence of oxygen gas in it.
II. The most abundant gas in the air is nitrogen.
III. Carbon dioxide and methane keep the Earth warm even after sunset because they absorb some of the heat radiated by the Earth.
IV. Argon is the most abundant noble gas in the air.

Hence, option (4) is correct.

Question 14
1 / -0

It is lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere; the temperature gets colder as the distance above the earth increases. This is also where most of the weather phenomena occur.

Which layer of the atmosphere is being discussed here?

A
Troposphere

B
Stratosphere

C
Mesosphere

D
Thermosphere

Solution

Troposphere is the lowest part of the atmosphere which is where most of our weather phenomena like clouds, rain, snow occur. In this part of the atmosphere, the temperature gets colder as the distance above the Earth increases, by about 6.5°C per kilometre. The actual change of temperature with height varies from day to day, depending on the weather.
Question 15
1 / -0
Consider the clues given below and identify the layer of the atmosphere that is being discussed.
- Ozone is abundant in this layer.
- Ozone heats this layer as it absorbs energy from incoming ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
A
Thermosphere

B
Troposphere

C
Mesosphere

D
Stratosphere

Solution

Ozone is abundant in the stratosphere. The atmosphere gets heated upwards in this layer because the UV rays react with oxygen molecules to continuously form ozone with heat as the byproduct.
The ozone being an unstable molecule absorbs the UV rays and disintegrate to form oxygen again, and releasing heat energy in the process.
Question 16
1 / -0

Which pollutant(s) come(s) from mobile sources?

A
Hydrocarbons

B
Nitrogen oxides

C
Carbon dioxide

D
All of the above

Solution

The fossil fuels like petrol, diesel, kerosene that are used as automobile fuels add carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc. to the atmosphere which have adverse effects on the environment.
Hydrocarbons are released due to incomplete combustion in the engines. This not only leads to wastage of fuel but also causes smog.
NOTE: Although carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis, it is a pollutant when present in excess as it contributes to global warming.
Question 17
1 / -0

Which of the following activities can help reduce the amounts of dangerous substances in the air?

A
Greater use of public transportation

B
Greater use of private cars

C
Use of leaded gasoline

D
Use of CNG

Solution

Use of CNG helps to control pollution as it is a cleaner fuel in comparison to petrol and diesel and produces lesser amount of pollutants.
Question 18
1 / -0

Analyse the two statements given below and select the correct option.

Statement I: Carbon monoxide produced during incomplete combustion of fuels such as petrol and diesel is a poisonous gas.
Statement II: Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

A
Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct reason for I.

B
Both statements I and II are correct, but statement II is not the correct reason for I.

C
Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.

D
Both statements I and II are incorrect.

Solution

Petrol and diesel are basically mixtures of hydrocarbons (compounds of carbon and hydrogen).
On burning these fuels with an adequate amount of oxygen, the combustion products are formed in the form of carbon dioxide and water, along with the production of a sufficient amount of energy.
However, in an inadequate supply of oxygen, carbon monoxide is formed which is a poisonous gas as it combines with the haemoglobin in the blood, thereby reducing its availability as an oxygen carrier.
Therefore, both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct reason for I.

Question 19

1 / -0

Study the dichotomous key and identify W, X, Y and Z.

I. (i) Produced only during partial combustion of fossil fuels
(ii) Produced even during complete combustion of fossil fuels Go to II
II. (i) It is a reddish-brown gas.
(ii) It is a colourless gas. Go to III
III. (i) It is a pungent smelling gas.
(ii) It is a pollutant only if present in excess amount.

	W	X	Y	Z
(1)	NO₂	SO₂	CO₂	CO
(2)	CO	NO₂	SO₂	CO₂
(3)	SO₂	NO₂	CO₂	CO
(4)	CO₂	CO	NO₂	SO₂

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

W is carbon monoxide, which is produced on partial combustion of fuels when they are burnt in an insufficient supply of oxygen.
X is nitrogen dioxide, which is a reddish-brown gas produced due to combustion of nitrogen impurities in the fuels.
Y is sulphur dioxide, which is a pungent smelling gas produced due to combustion of sulphur impurities in the fuels.
Z is carbon dioxide, which is produced by the complete combustion of carbon, which is the main constituent element in the fuels.

Carbon dioxide is utilised by the green plants during the photosynthesis of carbohydrates. However, it is a pollutant when present in excess amounts as it is a major cause of global warming.

Question 20
1 / -0

Which of the following statements about photochemical smog are correct?

I. Photochemical smog is caused during summers.
II. It is caused by the release of hydrocarbons due to the incomplete combustion of fuels.
III. It may cause problems in the respiratory tract.

A
I and III

B
I and II

C
I, II and III

D
II and III

Solution

All the given statements are correct as photochemical smog is summer smog produced when ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.
NO₂ goes through a complex series of reactions with hydrocarbons to produce the components of photochemical smog - a mixture of ozone, nitric acid, aldehydes, peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) and other secondary pollutants which create a haze that reduces the visibility and also leads to respiratory problems.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Air Pollution Test - 4

Result

Air Pollution Test - 4

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Water that can be used for bathing and washing and not fit for drinking

Water safe for drinking purpose

Water that can be easily accessible

Water that can easily be transported from one place to another

Solution

Question 2

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

Question 3

The concentration of a toxic substance is above natural levels.

The concentration of a toxic substance is not above natural levels.

The presence of any undesirable substance that lowers the quality of water even if it is not harmful to humans.

The presence of any undesirable substance that lowers the quality of water and is harmful to humans.

Solution

Question 4

Factories

Sewage treatment plants

Urban and suburban lands

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

more, less

less, medium

medium, more

less, more

Solution

Question 6

leaky sewers

poorly constructed and abandoned wells

poorly constructed and abandoned septic tanks

All of the above

Solution

Question 7

pathogens

reduction in O2

clogging of gills by silt

foul smell

Solution

Question 8

effluent

sewage

sludge

slurry

Solution

Question 9

Lead dust from the exhaust fumes of vehicles

Chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, washed off from surrounding lands

Human and livestock wastes

None of these

Solution

Question 10

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

Question 11

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Solution

Question 12

Respiration

Burning of fuels

Dissolution in water bodies

Volcanic eruptions

Solution

reduction in O₂