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Why Do We Fall Ill Test - 3

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Why Do We Fall Ill Test - 3
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Decrease in the production of dopamine causes which of the following diseases?
    Solution
    Parkinson's disease occurs when nerve cells, or neurons, in an area of the brain that controls movement become impaired and/or die. Normally, these neurons produce an important brain chemical known as dopamine; but when the neurons die or become impaired, they produce less dopamine.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of
    Solution
    Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow colour of urine. It is the breakdown product of the bile pigment bilirubin.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a mismatch?
    Solution
    AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV. Leprosy is caused by a slow-growing type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. Elephantiasis is a syndrome caused by infection with a nematode parasite called the filarial worm. Malaria is caused by a protozoan Plasmodium.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following organs is/are affected by excessive intake of alcohol?
    Solution
    Most alcoholic liver damage is attributed to alcohol metabolism. Liver injury may be caused by direct toxicity of metabolic by-products of alcohol as well as by inflammation induced by its by-products.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    In living organisms, an active immune system recruits many cells to the affected tissue to kill off the disease-causing microbes. This recruitment process is called
    Solution
    Inflammation is a localised physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Delay in blood clotting is due to the deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
    Solution
    Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, also known as Phylloquinone is required for the following:

    1. Normal function of blood clotting factors and thus for blood clotting
    2. Normal bone strength
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The virus causing Japanese encephalitis or brain fever will enter the body through
    Solution
    Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JE virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex species mosquitoes. While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Match the items in Column-I with Column-II.

    Column-I Column-II
    (A) Riboflavin (i) Anaemia
    (B) Folic acid (ii) Scurvy
    (C) Retinol (iii) Glossitis
    (D) Ascorbic acid (iv) Night blindness

    Select the correct matching:
    Solution
    Glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue. It is caused by the deficiency of riboflavin.
    Folate-deficiency anaemia is a decrease in red blood cells (anaemia) due to a lack of folate. Folate is a type of B vitamin. It is also called folic acid.
    Retinol, also known as vitamin A, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. This or other forms of vitamin A are needed for eye sight, maintenance of the skin, and human development. Its deficiency causes night blindness. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, which leads to bleeding gums.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Triple vaccine is administered to a new born child to immunise it against
    Solution
    Triple vaccine is a class of combination vaccines that are used to treat three diseases: pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus and diptheria. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Antigens are present
    Solution
    Antigens are foreign particles that enter our body and illicit an immune response. Antigens are presented on the cell surface, whereas antibodies are present in the plasma.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    An antibody is a
    Solution
    Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are large Y-shaped proteins that help to remove foreign antigens such as viruses and bacteria. Each antibiotic is specific for a particular antigen.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Which of the following are responsible for nail infections?
    Solution
    Dermatophytes cause almost all fungal toe nail infections. Yeasts are a type of fungi that grow on skin and nails.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the carrier organism of dengue?
    Solution
    Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus. Female aedes mosquito is the carrier of dengue virus.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    Four patients have been diagnosed with four different diseases as given below:

    (i) Patient A : Tuberculosis
    (ii) Patient B : Smallpox
    (iii) Patient C : Influenza
    (iv) Patient D : Pneumonia

    Who among them may get a chronic disease?
    Solution
    Ailments can last for a long time, even as much as a lifetime, and are called chronic diseases. An example of a chronic disease is the tuberculosis of the lungs which can last for many years.
    Other three diseases, that is smallpox, influenza and pneumonia last for a short span of time and hence, are acute diseases.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Which of the following measures can be adopted to prevent an infectious disease?

    (i) We should adopt the living conditions that are not over-crowded to avoid exposure to air-borne microbes.
    (ii) Safe drinking water should be provided to prevent exposure to water-borne microbes.
    (iii) Clean environment should be provided that should not allow mosquito breeding to prevent vector-borne diseases.
    Solution
    Hygienic living conditions and avoiding over-crowded conditions help to prevent air-borne diseases. Water should be boiled or filtered before consuming to prevent any water-borne diseases. Water should not be allowed to stagnate to prevent breeding of mosquitoes.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    Which of the following factors can cause diseases?

    (i) Environmental factors
    (ii) Specific infective agents
    (iii) Inherent defects of the organism
    Solution
    Various environmental conditions like presence of pollutants in the air can cause diseases like respiratory problems. Various infective agents like viruses, bacteria, etc. cause diseases. Hereditary defects which are passed on through genes are also responsible for various diseases. For example, some cancers are caused by genetic abnormalities.
  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    In which of the following diseases is the liver affected?
    Solution
    Hepatitis is the swelling and inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. It may lead to liver damage, liver failure or even liver cancer.
  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    Which of the following diseases is also known as Japanese encephalitis?
    Solution
    Japanese encephalitis is commonly known as brain fever. In this disease, there is an inflammation in the brain tissue and hence, it is called encephalitis [cephalic refers to brain and encephalitis means swelling of brain tissues].
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is a water-borne disease controlled by improved sanitation and personal hygiene?
    Solution
    Typhoid is a bacterial infection that can lead to a high fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. It can be fatal. It is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. The infection is often passed on through contaminated food and drinking water, and it is more prevalent in places where handwashing is less frequent. It can be controlled by improved sanitation and personal hygiene.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    The most important therapy for cholera is
    Solution
    In cholera, the electrolytes and body fluids are lost. The best treatment for cholera is replacement of lost body fluids by giving ORS.
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