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General Geographical Features Test - 10

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General Geographical Features Test - 10
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Earthquakes and volcanoes occur mostly in
    Solution
    Most of the volcanoes in the world are found in three well defined belts, The Circum-Pacific belt, the Mid-World Mountain belt and the African Rift Valley belt. Thus, volcanoes are closely related to the regions of intense folding and faulting. They occur along coastal mountain ranges, on islands and in the mid-oceans. Interior parts of continents are generally free from their activity.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The intensity of an earthquakes is measured on the
    Solution
    The so-called Richter magnitude scale – more accurately, Richter's magnitude scale, or just Richter magnitude – for measuring the strength of earthquakes refers to the original "magnitude scale" developed by Charles F. Richter and presented in his landmark 1935 paper, and later revised and renamed the Local magnitude scale, denoted as "ML" or "ML". Because of various shortcomings of the ML scale most seismological authorities now use other scales, such as the moment magnitude scale (Mw ), to report earthquake magnitudes, but much of the news media still refers to these as "Richter" magnitudes.

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Tsunami is
    Solution
    A tsunami or tidal wave, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions
  • Question 4
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    Volcanic activity leads to the formation of
    Solution
    Crater lakes are formed due to volcanic activities. The volcanic materials accumulate around the opening or hole taking the form of a cone. The top of the cone has a funnel shaped depression which is called its crater
  • Question 5
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    A depression more than one kilometer in diameter caused by the collapse of the centre of a volcano is called
    Solution
    A caldera is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of a volcano into itself, making it a large, special form of volcanic crater. A caldera collapse is usually triggered by the emptying of the magma chamber beneath the volcano, as the result of a large volcanic eruption.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The Himalayas are formed due to
    Solution
    The Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate which began 50 million years ago and continues today. 225 million years ago (Ma) India was a large island situated off the Australian coast and separated from Asia by the Tethys Ocean.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Sheet erosion over the earth's surface is caused by the action of
    Solution
    Sheet erosion is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers by the forces of raindrops and overland flow. It can be a very effective erosive process because it can cover large areas of sloping land and go unnoticed for quite some time.

    Sheet erosion occur in wide range of settings such as coastal plains, hillslopes, floodplains and beaches. Water moving fairly uniformly with a similar thickness over a surface is called sheet flow and is the cause of sheet erosion.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Erosion of soil by a river mainly depends upon
    Solution
    Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, one form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, animals, and humans. In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial erosion, snow erosion, wind (aeolean) erosion, zoogenic erosion, and anthropogenic erosion.

    Valley or stream erosion occurs with continued water flow along a linear feature. The erosion is both downward, deepening the valley, and headward, extending the valley into the hillside, creating head cuts and steep banks. In the earliest stage of stream erosion, the erosive activity is dominantly vertical, the valleys have a typical V cross-section and the stream gradient is relatively steep. When some base level is reached, the erosive activity switches to lateral erosion, which widens the valley floor and creates a narrow floodplain.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The most ideal conditions for the chemical weathering are found in
    Solution
    Weathering is a term which describes the general process by which rocks are broken down at the Earth's surface into such things as sediments, clays, soils and substances that are dissolved in water.The process of weathering typically begins when the earth's crust is uplifted by tectonic forces. After the physical breakup and chemical decay of exposed rocks by weathering, the loosened rock fragments and alterations products are carried away through the process of erosion.

    Chemical Weathering results from chemical reactions between minerals in rocks and external agents like air or water. Oxygen oxidizes minerals to alteration products whereas water can convert minerals to clays or dissolve minerals completely.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    What is Weathering?
    Solution
    Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    Soil conservation is the process where
    Solution
    Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination. Slash-and-burn and other unsustainable methods of subsistence farming are practiced in some lesser developed areas.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Lagoons are often found
    Solution
    Coastal lagoons are common, occurring along nearly 15 percent of the world's shorelines. In the United States, lagoons are found along more than 75 percent of the Eastern and Gulf coasts. Coastal lagoons are usually connected to the open ocean by inlets between barrier islands.

    Coastal lagoons are created as a shallow basin near the shore gradually erodes, and the ocean seeps in between the sandbars or barrier islands. The size and depth of coastal lagoons often depend on sea level. When the sea level is low, coastal lagoons are swampy wetlands.
  • Question 13
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    Soil erosion can be prevented by
    Solution
    The simplest and most natural way to prevent erosion is through planting vegetation. Plants establish root systems, which stabilizes soil and prevents soil erosion. Geotextiles: Using geotextiles is an effective method because it also stabilizes soil.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    A cirque is developed by
    Solution
    Corrie or Cirque Formation. Corries or cirques are mountain valley heads which have been shaped into deep hollows by the erosion of small glaciers. In Britain, many corries were last filled by glacier ice around 12, 000 years ago but these corries have held glaciers on many occasions during the last 2.4 million years.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Exposure of rock to the changes of temperature is the cause of
    Solution
    Thermal stress weathering, sometimes called insolation weathering, results from the expansion and contraction of rock, caused by temperature changes. For example, heating of rocks by sunlight or fires can cause expansion of their constituent minerals. This is referred to as mechanical weathering.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    Stalacties and Stalagmites are features associated with
    Solution
    Cave features are usually formed by slow-moving water that has a high calcium carbonate content. Chemical changes inside the cave make the minerals harden and form deposits, such as icicle-like stalactites (which hang from the ceiling) and stalagmites (which rise up from the ground).

    Limestone stalagmites. The most common stalagmites are speleothems, which usually form in limestone caves. Stalagmite formation occurs only under certain pH conditions within the cavern. They form through deposition of calcium carbonate and other minerals, which is precipitated from mineralized water solutions.


  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    An `Estuary` is a
    Solution
    An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments.
  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    The most salty sea in the world is in the
    Solution
    The Dead Sea is one of the world's saltiest bodies of water. Although Lake Assal (Djibouti), Garabogazköl and some hypersaline lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica (such as Don Juan Pond) have reported higher salinities.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    The `Water table` refers to
    Solution
    Water table, also called Groundwater Table, upper level of an underground surface in which the soil or rocks are permanently saturated with water. The water table separates the groundwater zone that lies below it from the capillary fringe, or zone of aeration, that lies above it.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    The deepest trench 'Mariana Trench' is in
    Solution
    The deepest trench 'Mariana Trench' is in Pacific Ocean. The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known point in Earth's oceans. In 2010 the United States Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping measured the depth of the Challenger Deep at 10,994 meters .
  • Question 21
    1 / -0
    The world's largest lake is
    Solution
    The salty Caspian Sea has the greatest surface area of any lake at 143,200 square miles (370,886 square kilometers).
    The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is an endorheic basin located between Europe and Asia, to the east of the Caucasus Mountains and to the west of the broad steppe of Central Asia.
  • Question 22
    1 / -0
    The tide at its maximum height is known as
    Solution
    A tide just after a new or full moon, when there is the greatest difference between high and low water.
    A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the greatest. Spring tides occur when the moon is either new or full, and the sun, the moon, and the Earth are aligned. When this is the case, their collective gravitational pull on the Earth's water is strengthened.
  • Question 23
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is an advantage of ocean currents?
    Solution
    Ocean currents are deep. They travel hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. They carry warm water form one place to another. Warm water contains lots of fishes, which are useful for those who are fishing. Besides, currents carry food for fishes also.
  • Question 24
    1 / -0
    The smallest ocean in the world is the
    Solution
    The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins. A polar bear walks on the frozen surface of the Arctic Ocean. The freezing environment provides a home for a diverse range of creatures. With an area of about 6.1 million square miles , the Arctic Ocean is about 1.5 times as big as the United States.
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