The Age of Industrialization Test - 1

This statement is incorrect. The finishing was done in London and not the countryside. London was known as the finishing centre.

This is the correct answer. The clothier merchants bought the wool from the wool staplers. Stapler was the person who 'stapled' or sorted wool according to its fibre.

This is the correct answer as Richard Arkwright created the cotton mill. 'Cotton King' Richard Arkwright was the father of the factory; the 'Ford' of his day; and one of the founders of the industrial revolution. "The spinning wheel made England into a powerhouse." Richard Arkwright is born in Preston on 23^rd December, 1732.

Newcomen produced the first steam engine. This steam engine was later improved by James Watt and patented in 1781.

Women were angered by the invention of the spinning jenny and attacked it.

This is the correct answer as handmade and hand-crafted goods came to represent refinement and class.

The old ports of Surat in Gujarat, Masulipatam on the Coromandel coast and Hooghly in Calcutta were the centres of trade in the pre-colonial times.

This is the correct answer. The first symbol of the new era was cotton and its production boomed in the late nineteenth century.

This is the correct answer as this statement is correct. Rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products.

This is the correct answer as gomastha was an Indian agent of the British East India Company and signed bonds, usually compellingly, by local weavers and artisans to deliver goods to the Company. The prices of the goods were fixed by the gomasthas.

This is the correct answer. The first cotton mill was set up in Bombay in 1854.

This is the correct answer as Seth Hukumchand was a Marwari businessman, who set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta, in 1917.

This is the correct answer as Bird Heiglers & Co, Andrew Yule, and Jardine Skinner & Co. were the biggest European Managing Agencies till the First World War.

Workers in the textile mills of Bombay and the jute mills of Calcutta came from the United Provinces.

This is the correct answer as the European Managing Agencies were interested in the production of tea and coffee plantations, mining, indigo and jute. Most of these were products required primarily for export trade and not for sale in India.

US, Germany and Japan made technological advances, that made it impossible for Britain to compete with them. They did not import yarn from India. Yarn demand decreased as Chinese and Japanese mills took it over and fabric for local markets was produced.

This is the correct answer. Handicraft weavers used looms with a fly shuttle, which increased productivity per worker, speeded up the production and reduced the labour demand.

This is correct. The poor bought this and its demand fluctuated widely during bad harvest or famines.

Statement a is not correct. The labels included figures of Indian Gods and Goddesses and important parsonages, such as emperors and nawabs, but not of national leaders. The images of national leaders were later used by the Indian manufacturers as a nationalist message and became a vehicle of the nationalist message of swadeshi.
The image of Krishna was most popularly used for baby products.By the late nineteenth century, manufacturers had started printing calendars to popularise their products. So, both statements b and c are correct.