SAT (Stage-1) Mock Test - 38

Using complementary angle property,
cos 22.5^o cos 67.5^o – sin 22.5^o sin 67.5^o
= cos 22.5^o sin (90^o – 67.5^o) – sin 22.5^o cos (90^o – 67.5^o )
= cos 22.5^o sin 22.5^o – sin 22.5^o cos 22.5^o = 0

Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between states (countries) through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas and a variety of other government regulations. Protectionist policies protect the producers, businesses and workers of the import-competing sector in a country from foreign competitors.

On 5^th May, 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. A resplendent hall in Versailles was prepared to host the delegates. The first and second estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated in rows facing each other on two sides, while the 600 members of the third estate had to stand at the back. The third estate was represented by its more prosperous and educated members. Peasants, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly.

The Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code, did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property. The Napoleonic Code wad established by Napoleon to make the administrative system more efficient in the areas ruled by him.
Apart from establishing the Napoleonic Code, he simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system, and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. Also, in towns, guild systems were removed. Transport and communication systems were improved.

The majority religion was Russian Orthodox Christianity but there were Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists also during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II in Russia. Nicholas II, known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication in 15 March 1917.

The United Nations came into being in 1945, after the Charter of the United Nations was signed by 50 member countries including India on 24^th October, 1945. This day is celebrated as UN Day every year.

Shreshtins was the organisation of the merchants during the Vedic Age economy. The mercantile communities of Shreshtins (financiers) in north emerged during the Buddhist period. These could be compared with Chettis and Chettiyars of South India.

SS stands for Schutzstaffel. The SS was the 'protection squad' of the Nazis. It was formed in 1925. Hitler placed colleague Heinrich Himmler in charge of the group and its recruitment. In 1929, they were given the infamous black uniforms which helped to separate them from the Nazi stormtroopers of the SA.

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government.

Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.
Using 'protectionist policy', the European countries could find markets for their surplus goods in Asia and Africa where the Industrial Revolution had not taken place. Selling was made easier through political domination of these areas. Then each country could protect its market from other European rivals and also eliminate any competition from goods produced locally.

The Spanish Empire expanded to include great parts of the Americas (Latin America which included South America and Central America, and Mexico), islands in the Asia-Pacific area, areas of Italy, cities in Northern Africa, as well as parts of what are now France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. It was the first empire of which it was said that the sun never set.
From the 16^th to the early 19^th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. On September 7, 1822, the country declared its independence from Portugal and it became the Empire of Brazil.
A series of wars in the 17^th and 18^th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain, the dominant colonial power in North America.
The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16^th century onward. France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India in the 17^th century.