Food Production and Management Test - 1

The process by which green plants make their own food from carbon-dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

During this process oxygen gas is released.

Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock.

Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities.

Crops that are sown during the southwest monsoon season are called kharif or monsoon crops.

These crops are sown at the beginning of the season around end May to early June and are harvested post the monsoon rains beginning June to September.

(i) First step in producing wheat crops is to turn up the earth (an area of land) with a plough, especially before manuring which is known as "Ploughing".

(ii) Second step is use of manures, it improves general physical condition of soil and increases its water retaining capacity before sowing.

(iii) Sowing is the process of planting seeds into the ploughed, levelled and manured field, so it is the third step.

(iv) Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper. So, it is the last step.

The correct order is found in option 1. Therefore, it is the correct answer to be chosen here.

Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests and some other arthropods (mites, ticks, spiders, etc.) or to prevent them from causing damage.

They are classified based on their structure and mode of action.

Many pesticides act at specific sites in the pest's nervous system.

(i) - (c): Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper.

(ii) - (d): Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the husks and straw to which it is attached.

(iii) - (a): Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall.

(iv) - (b): Wind winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from chaff. It is also used to remove hay and chaff or other pests from stored grain.

(i) - (c): Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests and some other arthropods (mites, ticks, spiders, etc.) or to prevent them from causing damage.

(ii) - (a): Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers.

(iii) - (d): 2,4-D is a weedicide, it is especially good on controlling broadleaf weeds rather than grasses. It is the term for the full range of products that help farmers control pests whether that is weeds, grasses, insects, disease, etc.

(iv) - (b): The efficacy of fungicides was determined by the percentage of mycelium growth inhibition (Borecki, 1984). If the growth of fungus was inhibited by 100%, mycelium disks were moved to Petri dishes filled with PDA without the amendment to determine fungistatic or fungicidal effect of the fungicide.

In some plants, starch is stored in cell organelles called amyloplasts.

Some plant roots and embryos, store in the form of seeds and fruit, which also serve as storage units for starch.

So, starch is the form in which plants store food in the cells.

Vermicompost is the product of the composting process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.

So, earthworms are used in vermicomposting.

Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain from the husks and straw to which it is attached.

It is the step in grain preparation after reaping and before winnowing, which separates the grain from the chaff. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.