Self Studies
Self Studies
Self Studies
Self Studies

Dicision Making Test - 9

Result Self Studies

Dicision Making Test - 9
  • Score

    -

    out of -
  • Rank

    -

    out of -
TIME Taken - -
Self Studies

SHARING IS CARING

If our Website helped you a little, then kindly spread our voice using Social Networks. Spread our word to your readers, friends, teachers, students & all those close ones who deserve to know what you know now.

Self Studies Self Studies
Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Answer the questions on basis of the information given in the following case.

    Vivekananda Memorial Elocution Competition (VMEC) in Viswavijay Public School (VPS) has a history of forty years. Apart from the founder's day and annual day celebrations, it is the most important event of the school.

    In recent times, due to the increased popularity of reality shows on television channels, and for various other reasons, the elocution competition lost its appeal. Interest of both students and parents has been eroding over a period of time. To ensuresufficient audience, Mr. Ivan, Head of English Department, introduced choral recitation for junior section as a part of elocution competition. Three classes, each consisting of forty students, get shortlisted for the final performance of choral singing on the day of VMEC. Most of the parents and family members of these students attend the function to encourage them. This initiative increased the number of people attending the elocution competition.

    Some teachers are unhappy with the emphasis given on the elocution competition, since they are expected to be present at the school on the day of competition, which normally happens on a weekend to accommodate the working parents. The teachers were not granted leave on the day of VMEC and they used to be unhappy regarding this aspect.

    ...view full instructions

    A group of unhappy teachers have come up with a list of action plans for the consideration of their colleagues. The action plans are listed below.

    I. Exposing Mr. Ivan's intentions behind the inclusion of choral recitation.

    II. Conduct an open house discussion to gauge the unhappiness and to identify possible solutions.

    III. Introduce music and dance competition in same format as elocution competition

    IV. Demand compensation for their work on the day of VMEC.

    Mr.Zacharia, one of the senior teachers and a well wisher of VPS, is asked to go through the action plans and make recommendations that benefits VPS the most. He would recommend:

    Solution

    Statement I does not help in solving the problem. Hence, it is not a correct answer.

    Statement III will aggravate the existing problem and can be eliminated.

    Conducting an open house discussion to gauge the unhappiness and identifying possible solutions will help the teachers to address their problems.

    Demanding compensation for their work on the day of VMEC is a valid action and it will also help in addressing the problems as the teachers who work on weekends are compensated monetarily.

    Hence, statement II and IV are the best option..

  • Question 2
    4 / -1

    Santosh and his group of six friends who had visited Sattarkhand on a week-long trek were stranded in a small area of Rotarganj. Landslides in and around Rotarganj had blocked all the roads leading into and out of it. Moreover, there were about 20 more pilgrims who were also stranded along with Santosh and his friends in the same area. It had been 48 hours and rescue teams had still not managed to reach the Rotarganj area. Santosh and his friends had carried food supplies enough to serve them for another 48 hours. They however noticed that an old person in the group of pilgrims had become very weak due to exhaustion and starvation. Santosh noticed that there were many other old members of the group who had grown weak who needed food but also knew that giving food away to the others that they had in reserve would mean they would be risking their own survival in case rescue teams do not reach in time. If you were in place of Santosh and his friends, what would you do in such a scenario?

    Solution

    This is an example where the utilitarian principle of ethics should be applied. There a group of seven friends and 20 pilgrims. If doing something can help 20 people in the present, then that option should be chosen.

    Option a is not the best as it is assuming that the situation will not affect the rest of the group.

    Option b is the best option among the others as it does the greatest good for the greatest number. Helping everyone out and hoping for rescue operations to find them is the best action in this acenario.

    Option c This is a selfish option and does nothing about a problem.

    Option d: Like in option c, this amounts to doing nothing about a problem despite being aware of it

    Option e: Compare to b, this serves only a small amount of value as it still leaves a large number at risk by not providing them food so that the group can have food at a later time. Hence, b is a better option.

  • Question 3
    4 / -1

    The Prime Minister of India received a letter from a journalist. The content is as follows.

    Dear Sir,

    In India, over 47% of the women get married before they turn 18. Despite the fact that India has seen both a female Prime Minister and President in office, there is still a huge gender bias which places a higher value on men in society. In the rural villages, around 90% of women are housewives. The position of 'housewife' for women in society combined with the system of 'patrilocality' means that girls in many households are seen to offer little economic prosperity to their parents. This discourages parents to invest in their daughter's education and encourages them to find her a groom very early. The Center for Social Research for Girls and Women in India suggests that lack of education, specially in areas where casteism is still prominent has a particularly negative impact on child marriage. Casteism is a deeply rooted form of social hierarchy in Indian culture wherein inter-caste marriage is still forbidden. Due to the limitation of suitable marriage matches, children are sometimes sworn to each other from a young age. In other cases, men will marry a girl child because of the shortage of older women available within their caste. I request you to take suitable measures to eradicate child marriage.

    Regards,

    Shanti

    Considering only the facts stated by the journalist , What among the following will best help to reduce number of child marriages in the country?

    1) Encouraging women to take up jobs

    2) Promoting girl's education

    3) Abolishing dowry system

    4) Discouraging Casteism and encouraging marriages without consideration of caste

    5) Encouraging women to take part in politics

    Solution

    The letter does not mention anything about dowry system and hence we can eliminate all options that contain statement 3.

    Encouraging women to take up politics is also not mentioned anywhere in the passage.

    Statement 1 is correct as the letter talks about housewives not offering any economic prosperity. Statement 2 is covered in the Center for Social Research’s suggestion that lack of education and casteism play a large part in child marriages. Statement 4 is correct as the latter half of the passage does talk about casteism and its effect on child marriages. By discouraging casteism in creating matches, some of the problems mentioned in the letter can be avoided.

  • Question 4
    4 / -1

    Direction:Read the case and answer the questions that follow

    Indian Airlines in order to encourage people to fly more, offered a package where in a flier can buy an unlimited travel pass for a huge sum of Rs. 20,00,000. This travel pass would give them unlimited first-class travel for life on Indian Airlines. Additionally they would get a free companion ticket and could take anyone on their journey. There were hundreds of customers who bought this pass. People flew very often with the pass - sometimes for business, sometimes for pleasure. They bypassed long lines, booked backup itineraries in case the weather turned and never worried about the cancellation fees. But after a few years Indian Airlines realized this was a bad idea. People with passes flew far more frequently than the airlines had anticipated. Its finances began deteriorating and the free pass package seemed very expensive for the business to support. They estimated that this program was costing them millions of additional rupees in costs than they had anticipated and hence was not a profitable initiative.

    Which of the following represent valid business actions that Indian Airlines can take to reduce the losses from the program?

    1) Cancel all the passes issues to customers and apologize to customers by refunding the money paid for the program

    2) Cancel any further issue of such passes

    3) Cap the number of tickets per traveler to a fixed number per year

    4) Disallow companions on such trips

    5) Introduce a buyback program and buyback passes by refunding the entire amount along with other viable incentives

    Solution

    Option a: While it might sound correct, it is not ethical on the part of the company as it is cancelling a program for which people paid a large amount of money. The cancellations are being made, possibly against the wishes of many customers who still want to use the services of the program and hence the company will lose trust in the market. It would be a difficult call for the company if the program was creating such huge losses that the company itself cannot survive. But the case only mentions that this was not profitable. In business some initiatives are profitable and some are not. Hence, it is not ethical to make the customer, who paid a large amount of money, lose value because the company is not able to make profits.

    Option b: This is a valid action and should be the first action that should be taken. If the payment for lifetime travel is not profitable, then it should not be undertaken.

    Option c: This is not ethical as the program clearly mentions ‘unlimited’ and hence no cap should placed on the user.

    Option d: Again, this goes against the terms of the program and hence should not be taken.

    Option e: This is a very valid action that can on one hand keep customers happy and on the other hand also reduce the losses the company might make in the future without actually making the customers angry. (If a new customer buying a product for 20L now is not going to be profitable, then it is a fair financial assumption that even the ones who have used it for a few years will also not be profitable for the airline in the future as it is a lifetime travel program)

  • Question 5
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction:  Read the following case and answer the questions that follow

    Software bugs are a common occurrence in any field. But sometimes a small software bug can have dangerous consequences. While in some fields, you can be inattentive about the software output and need not cross verify, in others it may prove dangerous. Hence, laws are implemented that requires a manual verification of the software output in sensitive cases, especially in all medical applications.

    At a Cancer Institute, the therapy planning software created by a firm X calculates the proper dosage of radiation for patients undergoing radiation therapy. Before every installation, X’s software training team provides a training session to the doctors in all hospitals. X's software allows a radiation therapist to draw on a computer screen the placement of metal shields called "blocks" designed to protect healthy tissues from radiation. But the software will only allow technicians to use four shielding blocks, and the doctors wish to use five.

    The doctors discover that they can trick the software by drawing all five blocks as single large block with a hole in the middle. What the doctors do not realize is that X's software gives different answers in this configuration depending on how the hole is drawn: draw it one direction and the correct dose is calculated, draw in another direction and the software recommends twice the necessary exposure.

    At least eight patients die, while another 20 receive overdoses likely to cause significant health problems. There are huge protests following the deaths. Mr.Chaturvedi, President of the Cancer Institute has to address the situation.

    ...view full instructions

    Mr. Chaturvedi, who is aware of the happenings of the case, needs to decide his next course of action following the protests and the accidental deaths. What should he do next?

    Solution

    The question mentions that Mr. Chaturvedi is aware of the incidents of the case. It was the carelessness of the doctors that led to the incident and hence the correct step will be to take appropriate actions against the doctors for being reckless in using the software as well as for not doing the mandated manual verification.

    Option a does not help in anyway. It is a move done to only defend the reputation of the hospital which is not the most important issue at hand for Mr. Chaturvedi

    Option c is an extreme step and the software still works as intended if used correctly.

    Option d is not too relevant in addressing the issue.

    Option e is not entirely correct as the company X had trained the doctors on how to use the software but the doctors did not use it as they were asked to during training.

  • Question 6
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction:  Read the following case and answer the questions that follow

    Software bugs are a common occurrence in any field. But sometimes a small software bug can have dangerous consequences. While in some fields, you can be inattentive about the software output and need not cross verify, in others it may prove dangerous. Hence, laws are implemented that requires a manual verification of the software output in sensitive cases, especially in all medical applications.

    At a Cancer Institute, the therapy planning software created by a firm X calculates the proper dosage of radiation for patients undergoing radiation therapy. Before every installation, X’s software training team provides a training session to the doctors in all hospitals. X's software allows a radiation therapist to draw on a computer screen the placement of metal shields called "blocks" designed to protect healthy tissues from radiation. But the software will only allow technicians to use four shielding blocks, and the doctors wish to use five.

    The doctors discover that they can trick the software by drawing all five blocks as single large block with a hole in the middle. What the doctors do not realize is that X's software gives different answers in this configuration depending on how the hole is drawn: draw it one direction and the correct dose is calculated, draw in another direction and the software recommends twice the necessary exposure.

    At least eight patients die, while another 20 receive overdoses likely to cause significant health problems. There are huge protests following the deaths. Mr.Chaturvedi, President of the Cancer Institute has to address the situation.

    ...view full instructions

    Who is more culpable in the mishaps that have happened?

    Solution

    The question asks us who is guiltier in the incident mentioned.

    Option a is correct as it is the doctors who configured the software in an incorrect way than what was suggested to them for such cases and because they did not stick to the right way of using the software, they are the most guilty. Moreover, the doctors possibly did not also do the mandatory verification

    Option b & c are not correct as the company had trained doctors on how the software needed to be used for the specific purpose. It would have been a serious bug had the software behaved incorrectly to how it was designed but here the case was different wherein the doctors decided to use it in a different way. Although some blame can be put on X for allowing this to happen, they are not the most blameworthy.

    Option d is also not correct as they are indirectly blameworthy but the not directly.

  • Question 7
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction:  Read the following case and answer the questions that follow

    Software bugs are a common occurrence in any field. But sometimes a small software bug can have dangerous consequences. While in some fields, you can be inattentive about the software output and need not cross verify, in others it may prove dangerous. Hence, laws are implemented that requires a manual verification of the software output in sensitive cases, especially in all medical applications.

    At a Cancer Institute, the therapy planning software created by a firm X calculates the proper dosage of radiation for patients undergoing radiation therapy. Before every installation, X’s software training team provides a training session to the doctors in all hospitals. X's software allows a radiation therapist to draw on a computer screen the placement of metal shields called "blocks" designed to protect healthy tissues from radiation. But the software will only allow technicians to use four shielding blocks, and the doctors wish to use five.

    The doctors discover that they can trick the software by drawing all five blocks as single large block with a hole in the middle. What the doctors do not realize is that X's software gives different answers in this configuration depending on how the hole is drawn: draw it one direction and the correct dose is calculated, draw in another direction and the software recommends twice the necessary exposure.

    At least eight patients die, while another 20 receive overdoses likely to cause significant health problems. There are huge protests following the deaths. Mr.Chaturvedi, President of the Cancer Institute has to address the situation.

    ...view full instructions

    Choose which of the following methods can be used to prevent such accidents due to software and arrange them in descending order from most effective to the least.

    1) Cross verifying the software output manually before dosage

    2) Fixing the loophole where the software could be configured

    3) Usage of software by only technical staff

    4) Training the doctors on how to use and how to not use the software

    5) Including software engineering in the medical course

    Solution

    Action 1 is a valid action as it is one of the steps that is required by law, as stated in the case which was unfortunately not adopted by Mr. Chaturvedi’s institute.

    Action 2 is also an action that can prevent such accidents in the future by removing the ambiguity that exists for using the software

    Action 3 is not feasible as doctors are the ones who need to use this

    Action 4 is a valid step as training will help in removing some of the human errors.

    Action 5 is far fetched and is not too relevant.

    Among 1,2,4 – the priority should be on fixing the problem at the source. Hence 2 is the most effective. 2 is more effective than 4 as 4 can still result in the same problem if someone decides to misuse it or a careless doctor uses it. Hence, 2 removes the human error significantly.

  • Question 8
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction:  Read the following case and answer the questions that follow

    Software bugs are a common occurrence in any field. But sometimes a small software bug can have dangerous consequences. While in some fields, you can be inattentive about the software output and need not cross verify, in others it may prove dangerous. Hence, laws are implemented that requires a manual verification of the software output in sensitive cases, especially in all medical applications.

    At a Cancer Institute, the therapy planning software created by a firm X calculates the proper dosage of radiation for patients undergoing radiation therapy. Before every installation, X’s software training team provides a training session to the doctors in all hospitals. X's software allows a radiation therapist to draw on a computer screen the placement of metal shields called "blocks" designed to protect healthy tissues from radiation. But the software will only allow technicians to use four shielding blocks, and the doctors wish to use five.

    The doctors discover that they can trick the software by drawing all five blocks as single large block with a hole in the middle. What the doctors do not realize is that X's software gives different answers in this configuration depending on how the hole is drawn: draw it one direction and the correct dose is calculated, draw in another direction and the software recommends twice the necessary exposure.

    At least eight patients die, while another 20 receive overdoses likely to cause significant health problems. There are huge protests following the deaths. Mr.Chaturvedi, President of the Cancer Institute has to address the situation.

    ...view full instructions

    If you are Company X and have heard about the loophole in your software, what action(s) that need to be taken to avoid this situation starting?

    Solution

    Option a: This is a valid action that needs to be taken to avoid any ambiguity in the use of the system. Even though Company X is not directly blameworthy, their software did provide an ambiguity which was wrongly used. Hence, as a responsible company dealing with human lives, they should remove the possibilities of ambiguity.

    Option b: This is the most immediate action that is needed before option a is completed. While the release will take time, it is important to make the attempt to stop any such further incidents due to human error.

    Option c: This is a slightly extreme step as their software, when used correctly, is being used to save and treat many lives across hospitals. Hence, there is no risk of use but a risk of extreme misuse.

  • Question 9
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

    Arjun had just quit his job to start an online tutorial for teaching English to people in smaller towns and villages across the country while also being available for people in the urban areas. Arjun’s idea was to have a set of courses related to English speaking and writing on his new website. He planned to add more courses based on the response he receives on the first few courses. Arjun’s research had shown that English Letter Writing (ELW) was a course that many people would be interested in. He was a techie with a keen interest on starting an online venture of his own. He, however, realized that he needs course material for the ELW course which he was not qualified to create. He contacted his close friend, Rajiv, who was a very popular Math teacher for suggestions on a good English teacher who could create course content for his ELW course. Rajiv introduced Arjun to Vinay, who was an English teacher in another institute and a close friend of Rajiv’s. Arjun and Vinay spoke on a phone call where Vinay liked Arjun’s idea and offered to help him with the course material required for the ELW course. Vinay said he would collect Rs. 5000 for his services(which would be paid on delivery) and promised to deliver the work within 15 days. Since his close friend had recommended Vinay, Arjun was quite comfortable giving the entire project of the ELW course to Vinay.

    Not the one who likes to waste anytime, Arjun decided to market his ELW course and start enrolling students for the program that would begin in 15 days time. He signed up more than 200 people for this course in the first 12 days. However, he noticed that Vinay was not responding to any of his calls anymore. Since Vinay was Rajiv’s close friend, Arjun assumed there would be no issue on delivery and hence did not contact him in the first eight days. He tried calling Vinay for an update on the project a few days ago but had not received any response then. Since then he emailed Vinay and dropped multiple messages but still got no response. Arjun had not paid Vinay any amount but he was a worried man. With just three days to go before the course is launched, Arjun was not sure about what needed to be done. On one hand, he had enrolled more than 200 students by collecting money for the course and on the other hand, he did not want to shelve the course as that would affect his company’s name in its first month of operation making it difficult to recover.

    ...view full instructions

    If Vinay is not expected to deliver the course content, what should be the correct sequence of options among the following that Arjun should take?

    1. Figure out other alternatives that can help in getting him the course material in the next three days

    2. Contact Rajiv and ask him to convince Vinay to deliver the material as promised

    3. Lodge a police complaint against Vinay

    4. Apologize to customers informing them of a delay and give them the option to get a refund if they were not willing to wait.

    Solution

    The correct sequence of options is 1,4.

    Statement 2 is not valid as the question clearly mentions that “if Vinay is not expected to deliver the course content”. Hence there is no point asking Rajiv to convince Vinay.

    Statement 3 is too extreme and will not make sense as there was no crime here. Everything was decided only on a phone call. So a police complaint or a law suit will not go anywhere.

    The correct sequence of actions should be for Arjun to figure any alternatives that can help him in meeting the promise he made to his customers. If that is not possible, then he should delay the project by apologizing to his customers and giving them an option to receive a refund in case they do not want to wait. This would salvage the situation with his customers to a large extent.

  • Question 10
    4 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

    Arjun had just quit his job to start an online tutorial for teaching English to people in smaller towns and villages across the country while also being available for people in the urban areas. Arjun’s idea was to have a set of courses related to English speaking and writing on his new website. He planned to add more courses based on the response he receives on the first few courses. Arjun’s research had shown that English Letter Writing (ELW) was a course that many people would be interested in. He was a techie with a keen interest on starting an online venture of his own. He, however, realized that he needs course material for the ELW course which he was not qualified to create. He contacted his close friend, Rajiv, who was a very popular Math teacher for suggestions on a good English teacher who could create course content for his ELW course. Rajiv introduced Arjun to Vinay, who was an English teacher in another institute and a close friend of Rajiv’s. Arjun and Vinay spoke on a phone call where Vinay liked Arjun’s idea and offered to help him with the course material required for the ELW course. Vinay said he would collect Rs. 5000 for his services(which would be paid on delivery) and promised to deliver the work within 15 days. Since his close friend had recommended Vinay, Arjun was quite comfortable giving the entire project of the ELW course to Vinay.

    Not the one who likes to waste anytime, Arjun decided to market his ELW course and start enrolling students for the program that would begin in 15 days time. He signed up more than 200 people for this course in the first 12 days. However, he noticed that Vinay was not responding to any of his calls anymore. Since Vinay was Rajiv’s close friend, Arjun assumed there would be no issue on delivery and hence did not contact him in the first eight days. He tried calling Vinay for an update on the project a few days ago but had not received any response then. Since then he emailed Vinay and dropped multiple messages but still got no response. Arjun had not paid Vinay any amount but he was a worried man. With just three days to go before the course is launched, Arjun was not sure about what needed to be done. On one hand, he had enrolled more than 200 students by collecting money for the course and on the other hand, he did not want to shelve the course as that would affect his company’s name in its first month of operation making it difficult to recover.

    ...view full instructions

    Arjun had just quit his job to start an online tutorial for teaching English to people in smaller towns and villages across the country while also being available for people in the urban areas. Arjun’s idea was to have a set of courses related to English speaking and writing on his new website. He planned to add more courses based on the

    Arjun contacts an English Institute that promises to get the work done for him in three days time but is charging him Rs. 12,000 for the same. What should Arjun do?

    Solution

    Option a is not correct as Rajiv is not responsible legally or morally for the incident. He only recommended someone’s name and cannot be held responsible for a business deal he is not connected with.

    Option b; This option is not valid as Rajiv for the same reasons mentioned above. Moreover, it does not make sense as Rajiv is a Maths teacher and he cannot be expected to provide material for the English course.

    Option c; This is the best option. The objective of Arjun should be to meet the timeline he promised his customers even if it means incurring some losses himself.

    Option d: This is a status quo option which is asking you to wait for something to happen when there is a situation that needs to be addressed

    Option e: Again, this is a very unclear option whose viability cannot be established from the information in the passage. Arjun cannot be sure if he will be able to communicate with Vinay and convince him to make the payment. Moreover, there was no legal agreement that Arjun can enforce.

Self Studies
User
Question Analysis

  • Correct -

  • Wrong -

  • Skipped -

My Perfomance
  • Score

    -

    out of -
  • Rank

    -

    out of -
Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition
Self Studies Get latest Exam Updates
& Study Material Alerts!
No, Thanks
Self Studies
Click on Allow to receive notifications
Allow Notification
Self Studies
Self Studies Self Studies
To enable notifications follow this 2 steps:
  • First Click on Secure Icon Self Studies
  • Second click on the toggle icon
Allow Notification
Get latest Exam Updates & FREE Study Material Alerts!
Self Studies ×
Open Now