CBSE 12th Half-Yearly Exams 2025-26: Subject-wise Important Topics & Preparation Tips

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The CBSE Class 12 Half-Yearly Exams 2025 are starting soon.

This article provides students with subject-wise syllabus information, a list of important chapters and topics, as well as effective strategies for preparation to help them score high marks.

It focuses on guiding students with the right exam strategy, effective study plans, and time management techniques.

With detailed study resources, this article will boost confidence and ensure better performance in the half-yearly exams.

CBSE Class 12 Maths – Half-Yearly Exam Important Topics

Chapter / Topic	Importance for Half-Yearly Exam
Relations & Functions	Fundamental, often revisited concepts
Inverse Trigonometric Functions	High scoring, theory-heavy
Matrices & Determinants	Basis for solving systems of equations
Continuity & Differentiability	Core calculus; conceptual and derivations
Applications of Derivatives	Real-life problems; frequent questions
Integrals & Applications	Analytical and area-based questions
Differential Equations	Critical for rate-related modeling
Vectors & 3D Geometry	Challenging yet significant weightage
Linear Programming	Optimization, logical thinking
Probability	Real-world applications, logic-based

Suggested Preparation Strategy

Focus on Fundamentals First: Begin with Relations & Functions, followed by Matrices and Determinants. These build a strong algebraic base.
Tackle Calculus Consistently: Continuity, derivatives, and integrals should be revised regularly as they form the backbone of the subject and yield high scores.
Apply Concepts Practically: Chapters like linear programming, probability, and 3D geometry require application. Use varied examples to master them.
Practice Past and Repeated Questions: As highlighted by Jagran Josh, many of these topics appear repeatedly in CBSE papers .
Timely Revision with Mock Tests: Use timed tests for areas like derivatives and integrals to improve speed and accuracy.
Create Formula Sheets: Especially for calculus and algebraic formulas—essential for quick revisions.

CBSE Class 12 Physics – Half-Yearly Exam Important Topics

Unit / Chapter	Key Topics
Electrostatics	Electric Charges and Fields, Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Current Electricity	Ohm’s Law, Drift Velocity, Wheatstone Bridge, EMF vs Terminal Voltage
Magnetism & Moving Charges	Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Force on a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
Electromagnetic Induction & AC	Faraday’s Laws, Self-Inductance, LCR Circuits, Power Factor
Optics (Ray & Wave Optics)	Young’s Double Slit Experiment, Total Internal Reflection, Polarisation, Lens Maker’s Formula
Modern Physics	de Broglie Wavelength, Photoelectric Effect, Logic Gates, PN Junction Diode Characteristics

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry – Half-Yearly Exam Important Topics

Unit / Chapter	Key Topics
Solutions	Colligative properties, Raoult’s Law, Van’t Hoff factor, Henry’s Law
Electrochemistry	Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, Nernst equation, corrosion, fuel cells
Chemical Kinetics	Rate laws, order and molecularity, Arrhenius equation, activation energy
Surface Chemistry	Adsorption, catalysis, colloids, Tyndall effect, emulsions
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements	Extraction methods, metallurgy, refining processes
p-Block Elements	Group 15 to 18 elements, their properties and compounds
d- and f-Block Elements	Transition elements, lanthanides, actinides, their properties and compounds
Coordination Compounds	Ligands, coordination number, isomerism, bonding, applications
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	Nucleophilic substitution, reactions, uses, environmental impact
Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers	Nomenclature, preparation, reactions, uses
Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids	Nomenclature, preparation, reactions, uses
Amines	Classification, preparation, reactions, basicity
Biomolecules	Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids
Polymers	Types of polymers, polymerization methods, uses
Chemistry in Everyday Life	Drugs, detergents, food additives, antioxidants

CBSE Class 12 Biology Half-Yearly Important Topics

Chapter	Key Topics	Expected Weightage (Marks)
1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	Gametophyte development, Pollination, Fertilization, Double fertilization, Seed & Fruit formation	4–5
2. Human Reproduction	Male & Female reproductive systems, Gametogenesis, Menstrual cycle, Fertilization, Implantation, Pregnancy & Development	4–5
3. Reproductive Health	Contraceptives, MTP, STDs, Infertility, ART (IVF, Surrogacy etc.)	2–3
4. Principles of Inheritance & Variation	Mendel’s laws, Monohybrid & Dihybrid cross, Chromosomal theory, Codominance, Multiple alleles, Pedigree analysis	6–7
5. Molecular Basis of Inheritance	DNA/RNA structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation, Genetic Code, Mutations, Lac Operon	8–10
6. Evolution	Origin of life, Darwin’s theory, Hardy-Weinberg principle, Types of selection, Adaptive radiation, Evidences	5–6

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy – Half Yearly Important Topics

Chapter / Area	Important Topics
Fundamentals / P&L Appropriation	Interest on Capital, Drawings, Loan, Commission, Guarantee, Past Adjustments (Omission, Error)
Goodwill & Change in PSR	Super Profit Method, Average Profit Method (with adjustment), Goodwill Journal Entries in PSR (Sacrificing & Gaining Ratio)
Admission & Retirement of Partner	Adjustment of Capital (Both cases), Journal Entries (Bank to Capital, Premium, Goodwill, Hidden Goodwill), New Ratio – Sacrificing vs Gaining
Death of a Partner	Deceased Share of Profit (Calculation + Journal Entry), Loan A/c of deceased to Executor
Dissolution of Firm	Journal Entries (Sale/Takeover of Assets & Liabilities), Realisation A/c (Gain/Loss, Expenses, Distribution)

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies (BST) – Half Yearly Important Topics

Chapter / Area	Important Topics
Principles & Functions of Management	Coordination – Nature, Importance
Forms of Business Organisation	Functional vs Partnership, Piece Wage Rate System
Business Environment	Importance, Features, Elements
Planning	Process, Limitations, Types, Importance
Organising	Functional vs Divisional Structure, Formal vs Informal Organisation
Staffing	Selection Process, Staffing Process, Training Methods, Direct vs Indirect Recruitment

CBSE Class 12 Economics (Macro + IED) – Half Yearly Important Topics

Unit	Important Topics
National Income (Macro)	GDP – Limitations, Deflator; Numericals (Income, Expenditure, Value Added); Circular Flow; Double Counting
Determination of Income & Employment (Macro)	Numericals (Equilibrium Income, Multiplier k), AD–AS & S–I Approach, Inflationary & Deflationary Gap
Money & Banking (Macro)	Functions of Money; Role of Central Bank; Credit Creation; Money Supply
Indian Economic Development (IED)	Occupational Structure & Demographic Trends
	IPR 1956 & Debate on Subsidies
	LPG Policy – Critical Appraisal, Outsourcing, Liberalisation Measures
	Human Capital Formation – Sources, Importance, Problems
	Rural Development – Govt. Measures to improve Agri. Marketing, Diversification, Organic Farming

CBSE 12th Half-Yearly Exams 2025 : Tips to Prepare for All Subjects

➤ Focus on NCERT – The base book of every subject is NCERT. Revise definitions, diagrams and examples thoroughly.

➤ Make short notes – Write important formulas, key points and diagrams of every chapter in small notes so that last minute revision is easy.

➤ Practice Numerical Subjects (Accounts, Economics, Physics, Maths) daily – focus on calculation accuracy and presentation.

➤ Prepare for Case Studies & Application Based Questions – Such questions often come in BST, Eco and Bio.

➤ Solve Previous Year Papers & Sample Papers – This will develop the habit of exam pattern and time management.

➤ Regular Revision & Time Management – Balance both theory + numerical subjects by making a fixed schedule every day.

👉 CBSE Class 12 Study Materials

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26	CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Papers
NCERT Books For Class 12 Books	NCERT Class 12 Solutions
CBSE Class 12 Full Study Material	CBSE Class 12 Sample Paper 2025-26