Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 4

Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is produced by fermentation of carbohydrate rich food items by the action of yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with carbon dioxide as by product.

The organisms that can grow at higher temperature are called hyperthermophilic organisms. These organisms belong to group Eubacteria and Archaea.

Rennet is complex enzyme produced in stomachs of ruminant mammals which is used in the production of most cheeses. It is also available in market in forms of liquid and tablets.

Tissue plasminogen activator is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots. It is a serine protease, an enzyme found on endothelial cells. This enzyme catalyse the clot breakdown.

Bioreactor is a fermentation tank in which fermentation is carried out regularly. This tank is fitted with instruments that control the optimal temperature and pressure required for fermentation.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is yeast that is known as Baker’s yeast. This yeast is used in preparation of bread and biscuits. This yeast is responsible for softening of bakery products.

Toddy is a traditional drink used in southern part of India. It is produced by fermentation of sap obtained from palms. Toddy is an alcoholic beverage sweet in test.

Starter or inoculum contains millions of LAB which at suitable temperatures multiply and convert milk to curd. It also improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitaminB₁₂.

The dough used for making dosa and idli is fermented by bacteria. The puffed appearance of dough is due to the production of CO₂ gas.

Depending upon the type of the raw material used for fermentation and type of processing different types of alcoholic drinks are obtained. Wine and Beer are produced without distillation.