Excretory Products and their Elimination Test

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 7

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Glucose has high threshold value.
(ii) Urine is concentrated in Henle's loop.
(iii) Haemodialyser removes urea, uric acid, glucose and plasma proteins.
(iv) In glomerulus, urea, uric acid, water, glucose and plasma proteins are filtered out.

A
(i), (iii) and (iv)

B
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

C
(i) and (ii)

D
(i) and (iii)

Solution

Threshold value of a substance is its highest concentration in the blood upto which it is totally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. Substances like glucose and amino acids are those substances that are reabsorbed actively into the blood by the active transport and therefore they do not appear in the urine. The threshold value of glucose is about 180 mg per 100 ml of blood. When this value is exceeded, glucose begins to appear in the urine.
Counter current mechanism in loop of Henle and vasa recta helps to concentrate the urine. Haemodialyser does not remove glucose and plasma proteins. In glomerulus, plasma proteins are not filtered out.
Question 2
4 / -1

In peritoneal dialysis

A
the blood is removed from the body and a natural filter is used

B
the blood is not removed from the body and a natural filter is used

C
the blood is not removed from the body and an artificial filter is used

D
the blood is removed from the body and an artificial filter is used

Solution

Dialysis is of two types : haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis uses a natural filter inside the body i.e. peritoneal membrane to remove wastes and extra fluid from the body. The dialysis fluid fills the belly and pulls out wastes and extra fluid from the body. Blood is not removed from the body as in the case of haemodialysis.
Question 3
4 / -1

Read the given statements regarding human excretory system and select the correct ones.
(i) Presence of glucose in urine is known as uremia.
(ii) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) selectively secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and potassium ions anto the filtrate.
(iii) Macula densa formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at their contact location.
(iv) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can cause vasoconstriction when blood flow is low to the atria of the heart.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(i) and (iii)

C
(ii) and (iii)

D
(iii) and (iv)

Solution

K⁺, H⁺, NH₃and HCO₃^- ions a re secreted by active transport into the filtrate in the DCT. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the DCT and the afferent arteriole at their contact location. Juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa and lacis cells. Presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria. ANF can cause vasodilation when blood flow is high to the atria of the heart.
Question 4
4 / -1

Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below.

A
(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

B
(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

C
(i) (iv) (ii) (iii)

D
(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
Question 5
4 / -1

Which one of the following is correct with reference to haemodialysis?

A
Absorbs and resends excess of ions

B
The dialsis unit a coiled cellophane tube

C
Blood is pumped back through suitable artery after haemodialysis

D
Nitrogenous wastes are removed by active transport

Solution

Haemodialysis is done in the patients whose kidneys become completely non-functional. Haemodialysis is the process of diffusion across a semipermeable membrane to remove unwanted substances from the blood while adding derivable components. The dialysis unit consists of a coiled cellophane tube kept in the dialysing fluid. The membrane of the tube is impermeable to blood cells and proteins but permeable to urea, uric acid, creatinine and mineral ions.
Question 6
4 / -1

What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being?

A
Death due to poisoning

B
Uremia and death

C
Stoppage of urination

D
The person will survive

Solution

If one kidney is removed, the other kidney will take over the work of the removed kidney and thus nothing will happen to the person and he will survive.
Question 7
4 / -1

Which one of the following is not normally excreted in urine?

A
Uric acid

B
Haemoglobin

C
Ketone bodies

D
Hippuric acid

Solution

Haemoglobin is not normally excreted in urine. If haemoglobin gets excreted in urine, the condition is known as haemoglobinuria.
Question 8
4 / -1

A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine would contain abnormal quantities of

A
fats

B
amino acids

C
glucose

D
ketones

Solution

Under fasting conditions, liver produces large amount of ketone bodies which are associated with high rate of fatty acid oxidation. Presence of excess ketone bodies in urine is termed as ketonuria.
Question 9
4 / -1

Diuresis is the condition in which

A
the excretory volume of urine increases

B
the excretory volume of urine decreases

C
the kidneys fail to excrete urine

D
the water balance of the body is disturbed
Question 10
4 / -1

An X-ray of the lower abdomen shows a shadow in the region of the ureter suspected to be an ureteric calculus. A possible clinical symptom would be

A
acute renal failure (ARF)

B
anuria and haematuria

C
motor aphasia

D
chronic renal failure (CRF)

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 7

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 7

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Question 1

(i), (iii) and (iv)

(ii), (iii) and (iv)

(i) and (ii)

(i) and (iii)

Solution

Question 2

the blood is removed from the body and a natural filter is used

the blood is not removed from the body and a natural filter is used

the blood is not removed from the body and an artificial filter is used

the blood is removed from the body and an artificial filter is used

Solution

Question 3

(i) and (ii)

(i) and (iii)

(ii) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 4

(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

(i) (iv) (ii) (iii)

(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

Question 5

Absorbs and resends excess of ions

The dialsis unit a coiled cellophane tube

Blood is pumped back through suitable artery after haemodialysis

Nitrogenous wastes are removed by active transport

Solution

Question 6

Death due to poisoning

Uremia and death

Stoppage of urination

The person will survive

Solution

Question 7

Uric acid

Haemoglobin

Ketone bodies

Hippuric acid

Solution

Question 8

fats

amino acids

glucose

ketones

Solution

Question 9

the excretory volume of urine increases

the excretory volume of urine decreases

the kidneys fail to excrete urine

the water balance of the body is disturbed

Question 10

acute renal failure (ARF)

anuria and haematuria

motor aphasia

chronic renal failure (CRF)

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