Biotechnology: Principle & Processes Test

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Biotechnology: Principle & Processes Test - 3

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

Stirred-tank bioreactors have advantages over shake flasks because they ___________.

A
Provide high temperature and pH

B
Provide better aeration and mixing properties

C
Do not allow the entry of CO₂

D
Are easy to operate

Solution

Stirred-tank bioreactor is used for processing large volumes of culture. It is a cylindrical tank with a curved base to facilitate the mixing of the reactor contents. The stirrer facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the bioreactor.
Question 2
4 / -1

The different steps of recombinant DNA technology are given below randomly.
(i) Isolation of the DNA fragments or genes to be cloned
(ii) Introduction of the recombinant DNA into a suitable cell (usually E.coli) called host (transformation)
(iii) Multiplication/expression of the introduced gene in the host
(iv) Selection of the transformed host cells, and identification of the clone containing the desired gene/DNA fragment
(v) Insertion of the isolated gene in a suitable plasmid vector
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps?

A
(i), (iii), (ii), (iv), (v)

B
(iii), (ii), (i), (v), (iv)

C
(i), (v), (ii), (iv), (iii)

D
(v), (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
Question 3
4 / -1

Given table gives an account of differences between PCR and gene cloning.. Which of the following points show the incorrect differences?

A
1 and 3

B
4 and 6

C
4 and 7

D
4, 7 and 8
Question 4
4 / -1

Primers are

A
Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA

B
Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are not complementary to the regions of DNA

C
Chemically synthesised, autonomously replicating circular DNA molecules

D
Specific sequences present on recombinant DNA

Solution

Primers are small, chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the sequences, present at 3' end of the template DNA. They hybridise to the target DNA region, one to each strand of the double helix. These primers are oriented with their ends facing each other allowing synthesis of the DNA towards one another.
Question 5
4 / -1

Enzyme' Taq polymerase' used in PCR, has been isolated from bacterium ________.

A
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

B
Thermus aquaticus

C
Streptomyces albus

D
Escherichia coli

Solution

The final step of PCR is extension, wherein TaqDNA polymerase (isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus) synthesies the DNA region between the primers, using DNTPs (denoxynucleoside triphosphates) and Mg2⁺. The primers are extened towards each other so that the DNA segment lying between the two primers is copied. The optimum temperature for this polymerisation step is 72^∘C. Taq polymerase remains active during high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA.
Question 6
4 / -1

In addition to the Taq polymerase enzyme, which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A
Pfu polymerase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus

B
Tli polymerase (vent polymerase) isolated from Thermococcus litoralis

C
Both (a) and (b)

D
None of these

Solution

In addition to Tag DNA polymerase, Pfu polymerase and Tli polymerase have been isolated which are also thermostable. Pfu polymerase is isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus. Tli (vent) polymerase is isolated from Thermococcus litoralis.
Question 7
4 / -1

After completion of the biosynthetic stage in the bioreactors, the product undergoes separation and purification processes, collectively termed as __________.

A
Transformation

B
Electrophoresis

C
Downstream processing

D
Upstream processing

Solution

After the formation of the product in bioreactors, it undergoes through some processes before a finished product is ready for marketing. The processes include separation and purification of products which is collectively called as downstream processing.
Question 8
4 / -1

During isolation of genetic material, the chemical used to precipitate out the purified DNA is

A
Bromophenol blue

B
Chilled ethanol

C
Ethidium bromide

D
Both A and C

Solution

The purified DNA, after treatment with various enzymes, precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol.
This is viewed as a collection of fine threads in the suspension and is easily collected. The process is known as DNA spooling.
Question 9
4 / -1

The given flow chart depicts the steps to transfer a desirable gene of interest into a plant.
Identify the missing steps (A, B and C) with regard to following statements and select the correct option.
(i) Joining of desirable gene to a suitable cloning vector using ligases to create a recombinant DNA molecule
(ii) Selection of transformed cells
(iii) Transferring the recombinant DNA molecules to the target cells

A
A - i, B - ii, C - iii

B
A - i, B - iii, C - ii

C
A - ii, B - iii, C - i

D
A - iii, B - i, C - ii
Solution
Steps to transfer a desirable gene of interest into a plant:
Isolation of desirable gene using restriction endonucleases and gel electrophoresis.
Joining of desirable gene to a suitable cloning vector using ligases to create a recombinant DNA molecule.
Transferring the recombinant DNA molecules to the target cells.
Screening of cells.
Transformation.
Selection of transformed cells.
Regeneration of plants from the transformed cells to get transgenic plants.
Question 10
4 / -1

Eukaryotic genes do not function properly when cloned into a bacterial cell because

A
of the inability to excise introns and destruction by bacterial restriction enzymes

B
of high pH present in bacterial cells

C
of inappropriate insertion of genes

D
both (a) and (b)

Solution

Eukaryotic genes do not function properly When transferred into bacterial cell because introns are present eukaryotic cells but are absent in prokaryotic cells. Hence, when bacterial cell is transformed with recombinant DNA is genrated human gene, it could not process it. As a result no desired protien will be produced.
Question 11
4 / -1

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.

A
A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)

B
A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)

C
A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

D
A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)
Question 12
4 / -1

Study the following statements regarding recombinant DNA technology and select the incorrect ones
(i) Taq polymerase extends the primers using the nucleotides provided in the reaction
(ii) Antibiotic resistance genes are considered as desirable genes in recombinant DNA technology
(iii) DNA fragments are separated according to their charge only, in agarose gel electrophoresis
(iv) Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is integrated into the genome of a host bacterium
(v) To produce higher yields of the desired protein, host cells can be multiplied in a continuous culture
(vi) Downstream processing is one of the steps of polymerase chain reaction

A
(i), (iii) and (vi)

B
(i), (iii) and (v)

C
(ii), (iii) and (v)

D
(i), (iv) and (v)

Solution

Antibiotic resistance genes are selectable markers. Desirable genes are the ones which are introduced in the vector for getting desired protein product. In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated according to their charge and size. After the formation of the product in a bioreactors, it undergoes through some processes before a finished product is ready for marketing. The processes include separation and purification of products which are collectively called as downstream processing.
Question 13
4 / -1

Which of the following are the types of bioreactors?
(i) Simple stirred-tank bioreactor
(ii) Complex Stirred-tank bioreactor
(iii) Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor
(iv) Agitator stirred-tank bioreactor

A
(i) and (iii)

B
Only (iii)

C
(i) and (ii)

D
(i) and (ii) and (iv)

Solution

The most commonly used bioreactors are of stirring type. Stirring type bioreactors are simple stirred-tank bioreactor and sparged stirred-tank bioreactor.
Question 14
4 / -1

Read statements (i)-(iv). Which of the following statements are incorrect?
(i) First transgenic buffalo Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
(ii) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macromolecules.
(iii) Downstream processing is one of the steps of rDNA technology.
(iv) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in the transfer of rDNA into the host.

A
(ii) and (iii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(i) and (iii)

D
(i) and (ii)

Solution

In 1997, Rosie, the tirst transgenic cow was engineered to produce milk enriched with a human protein called alpha-lactalbumin, making it nutritionally more balanced. Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites.
Question 15
4 / -1

An advantage of using yeasts rather than bacteria as recipient cells for the recombinant DNA of eukaryotes is that yeasts can __________.

A
Produce restriction enzymes

B
Excise introns from the RNA transcript

C
Remove methyl groups

D
Reproduce more rapidly

Solution

Yeasts have been extensively used for functional expression of eukaryotic genes because they offer several advantages. Yeasts are the simplest eukaryotic organisms and like bacteria are single-celled, genetically well-characterised, easy to grow and manipulate. Since yeast is a eukaryote, it have an intron excision mechanism. Thus, it can be used for producing and expressing recombinant DNA of eukaryotes.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology: Principle & Processes Test - 3

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Biotechnology: Principle & Processes Test - 3

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Provide high temperature and pH

Provide better aeration and mixing properties

Do not allow the entry of CO2​

Are easy to operate

Solution

Question 2

(i), (iii), (ii), (iv), (v)

(iii), (ii), (i), (v), (iv)

(i), (v), (ii), (iv), (iii)

(v), (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

Question 3

1 and 3

4 and 6

4 and 7

4, 7 and 8

Question 4

Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA

Chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are not complementary to the regions of DNA

Chemically synthesised, autonomously replicating circular DNA molecules

Specific sequences present on recombinant DNA

Solution

Question 5

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Thermus aquaticus

Streptomyces albus

Escherichia coli

Solution

Question 6

Pfu polymerase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus

Tli polymerase (vent polymerase) isolated from Thermococcus litoralis

Both (a) and (b)

None of these

Solution

Question 7

Transformation

Electrophoresis

Downstream processing

Upstream processing

Solution

Question 8

Bromophenol blue

Chilled ethanol

Ethidium bromide

Both A and C

Solution

Question 9

A - i, B - ii, C - iii

A - i, B - iii, C - ii

A - ii, B - iii, C - i

A - iii, B - i, C - ii

Solution

Question 10

of the inability to excise introns and destruction by bacterial restriction enzymes

of high pH present in bacterial cells

of inappropriate insertion of genes

both (a) and (b)

Solution

Question 11

A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)

A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)

A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)

Question 12

(i), (iii) and (vi)

(i), (iii) and (v)

(ii), (iii) and (v)

(i), (iv) and (v)

Solution

Question 13

(i) and (iii)

Only (iii)

Do not allow the entry of CO₂