Biotechnology & its Applications Test

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Biotechnology & its Applications Test - 4

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Question 1
4 / -1

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains- A, B and C.
(ii) C - polypeptide chain with 33 amino adds is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains- A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S−S linkage.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(iv) and (v)

D
(iii), (iv) and (v)

Solution

Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains: A, having 21 amino acids and B, with 30 amino acids. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide bridges.
Question 2
4 / -1

Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is/are correct?

A
It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene

B
The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anaemia to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID)

C
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

D
All of these

Solution

Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. Under intensive investigation are, disease ranging from the rare genetic diseases caused by single mutations like sickle cell anaemia to killer diseases such as server combined immuno-deficiency (SCID). The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-years old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzymes is very important for the immune system to function. ADA deficiency can lead to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID).
Question 3
4 / -1

Read the given statements and select the correct options
Statement 1: In recombinant DNA technology, human genes are often transferred into bacteria (prokaryotes) or yeast (eukaryote).
Statement 2: Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population which expresses the desired gene.

A
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

B
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

C
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

D
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Question 4
4 / -1

Read the given statements and select the correct option
Statement 1: PCR technique is helpful in detecting bacterial and viral diseases even when symptoms of the disease are not yet visible
Statement 2: Very low concentrations of bacteria or viruses in human body can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acids using the PCR technique

A
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

B
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

C
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

D
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

The technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied to detect HIV in suspects AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients.
Question 5
4 / -1

DNA fingerprinting refer to

A
Molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples

B
Analysis of DNA samples using imprinting devices

C
Techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA

D
Techniques used for identification of fingerprints of individuals

Solution

DNA fingerprinting technique in which the banding pattern of DNA fragments is compared and can be used in many species, including the human, to indicate relatedness. DNA is digested with restriction enzymes, run on an electrophoretic gel, and blots made from the gel. Such blots are then hybridized with radiolabelled probe DNA consisting of cloned sequences of the short interspersed repeat sequences which are common in vertebrate genomes. Autoradiography provides a distinct banding pattern of DNA fragments containing such DNA sequences.
Question 6
4 / -1

Given figure represents the maturation of pro-insulin into insulin. Identify the product A.

A
Polypeptide chain A

B
Polypeptide chain B

C
Polypeptide chain C

D
None of these

Solution

A represents polypeptide chain C which is removed prior to insulin formation
Question 7
4 / -1

Early detection of a disease is possible by

A
PCR

B
Gene therapy

C
Recombinant DNA technology and ELISA

D
both (a) and (c)

Solution

Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis, etc.) early detection is not possible. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
Question 8
4 / -1

Technique used to detect the DNA in a clone is

A
polymerase chain reaction

B
gel electrophoresis

C
chromatography

D
autoradiography

Solution

A single stranded DNA or RNA joined with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells. It is followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone having the mutated gene will not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have the complementarity with the mutated gene.
Question 9
4 / -1

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A
Insulin used for diabetic patients was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs which was more efficient than that the genetically engineered insulin

B
PCR technique is applied to detect HIV in Suspected AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients

C
Bone marrow transplantation requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

D
Bio-remediation is the one of the applications of biotechnology

Solution

Earlier, insulin used for curing diabetes used to be extracted from pancreas of slaughtered pigs and cattle. This insulin was slightly different from human insulin and caused some undesirable side effects such as allergy. Genetically engineered insulin is a far more efficient.
Question 10
4 / -1

What might be an advantage of beginning gene therapy prior to birth?

A
This would give the body plenty of time to utilise the new genes

B
The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognised ‘self’

C
The cells being extremely young, are more receptive to gene therapy

D
Probably there is not any advantage

Solution

Gene therapy is a newly emerging branch of biotechnology with tremendous results. It is basically used for correcting genetic disorders. In gene therapy, normal genes are introduced in the cells to replace the missing genes or defective genes.
Early gene therapy has been proved to be more effective in treating certain brain diseases in humans. They have also shown exemplary results in mice.
When a child is born, he has its innate immunity, which does not allow any foreign body to settle into its own body easily. But before birth, it has not yet recognized itself, so therapy would be easily accepted.
Question 11
4 / -1

Which of the following companies started selling humulin in the year 1983?

A
Eli Lilly

B
Genetech

C
GEAC

D
None of these

Solution

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).
Question 12
4 / -1

Which of the following statements is incorrect about gene therapy in ADA deficiency?

A
Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured

B
A functional ADA−cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes

C
Lymphocytes are then introduced in the body of patient

D
Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

Solution

As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA−cDNA (using a retroviral vector) is then introduced into these lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the body of the patient. However, as these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes.
Question 13
4 / -1

The study of all the proteins coded by the genome is called as

A
Proteomics

B
Genomics

C
Gene library

D
Proteology
Question 14
4 / -1

Gene can therapy can be referred to as

A
pre - clinical testing for inherited diseases in newborns

B
treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect

C
genetic engineering using rDNA technology

D
cancer treatment using in vitro cultured stem cells

Solution

Gene therapy is a collection of methods, that allows correction of gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. Correcting of a genetic defect involves delivery of a normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and compensate for the non-functional gene.
Question 15
4 / -1

For effective treatment of a disease

A
early diagnosis is required but understanding of its pathophysiology is not required.

B
early diagnosis is not required but understanding of its pathophysiology is required.

C
early diagnosis and understanding of its pathophysiology are required.

D
neither early diagnosis nor understanding of its pathophysiology is required.

Solution

For effective treatment of a disease, early diagnosis and understanding its pathophysiology is very important. Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis, etc.), early detection is not possible. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
Question 16
4 / -1

Some of the steps involved in the production of Humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially.
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
(iii) Purification of humulin.
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid.
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli.
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.

A
i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv

B
ii, i, iv, iii. v, vi

C
i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii

D
iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv

Solution

The correct sequence is
1.Synthesis of the gene for human insulin artificially.
2.Insertion of human insulin.
3.Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
4. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
5.Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E.
6.Purification of Humulin.
So, the correct option is 'i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii'.
Question 17
4 / -1

During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin

A
C -peptide is added to proinsulin

B
C-peptide is removed from proinsulin

C
B-peptide is added to proinsulin

D
B-peptide is removed from proinsulin
Question 18
4 / -1

Study the following steps which are followed during the process of gene therapy while treating a patient of SCID
(i) Retrovirus infects lymphocytes extracted from bone marrow of the patient and cultured.
(ii) Engineered cells are injected into patient's bone marrow.
(iii) Normal allele is inserted into a retrovirus.
(iv) Retrovirus makes a DNA copy of its RNA. This DNA carrying the normal allele gets inserted into the chromosome of the host cell.
Arrange the above-given steps in correct sequence and select the correct answer.

A
(iii), (i), (ii), (iv)

B
(iii), (i), (iv), (ii)

C
(iv), (ii), (iii), (i)

D
(iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
Question 19
4 / -1

A doctor while operating on an HIV (+)ve patient accidentally cuts himself with a scalpel. Suspecting himself to have contracted the virus which test will he take to rule out/confirm his suspicion?

A
PCR

B
Routine urine examination

C
TLC

D
DLC

Solution

Very low count of bacteria or viruses (when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) cab be detected by multiplication of their nucletic acid by PCR (PCR can detect very low amounts of DNA). PCR is usually used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
Question 20
4 / -1

Second generation vaccines are prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Which out of the following are the examples of such vaccines?

A
Hepatitis B virus vaccine

B
Herpes virus vaccine

C
Salk's polio vaccine

D
Both (a) and (b)

Solution

Second generation vaccines are the vaccines which are prepared by recombinant DNA technique/ genetic engineering, e.g., hepatitis B virus vaccine, herpes virus vaccine and pneumonia vaccine. The yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine is the first commercially available human vaccine produced by the genetic engineering technology. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from transgenic yeast by recombinant DNA technology.

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Biotechnology & its Applications Test - 4

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Question 1

(i) and (ii)

(iii) and (iv)

(iv) and (v)

(iii), (iv) and (v)

Solution

Question 2

It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene

The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anaemia to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID)

The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

All of these

Solution

Question 3

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Question 4

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Question 5

Molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples

Analysis of DNA samples using imprinting devices

Techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA

Techniques used for identification of fingerprints of individuals

Solution

Question 6

Polypeptide chain A

Polypeptide chain B

Polypeptide chain C

None of these

Solution

Question 7

PCR

Gene therapy

Recombinant DNA technology and ELISA

both (a) and (c)

Solution

Question 8

polymerase chain reaction

gel electrophoresis

chromatography

autoradiography

Solution

Question 9

Insulin used for diabetic patients was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs which was more efficient than that the genetically engineered insulin

PCR technique is applied to detect HIV in Suspected AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients

Bone marrow transplantation requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

Bio-remediation is the one of the applications of biotechnology

Solution

Question 10

This would give the body plenty of time to utilise the new genes

The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognised ‘self’

The cells being extremely young, are more receptive to gene therapy

Probably there is not any advantage

Solution

Question 11

Eli Lilly

Genetech

GEAC

None of these

Solution

Question 12

Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured

A functional ADA−cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are then introduced in the body of patient

Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

Solution

Question 13