NTSE - SAT-2013

Pteridophytes are vascular plants which do not posses seeds and fruits.

Bacteria Helicobacter pylori is responsible for the peptic ulcers.

There is no atmosphere on the Moon, so temperature is variable. On Earth, the atmosphere acts like a blanket, trapping heat. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere, and warms up the ground. So, the atmosphere keeps the temperature fairly steady during day and night on the earth by trapping heat.

If stamens are just above the stigma of the pistil in a flower, it increases the chances of self-pollination.

A person with blood group 'A' can donate blood to persons with blood group A or 'AB' because it has only 'A' antigen and 'b' antibodies.

Cerebellum coordinates muscular activity of the body. It also maintains equilibrium or posture of the body during walking, jumping, etc.

Tapeworm and earthworm both are hermaphrodites but in tapeworms self-fertilisation takes place while earthworm undergoes cross-fertilisation.

Due to variations during sexual reproduction among red beetles one green beetle evolved among them. This green beetle can pass the colour to its progeny which are green beetles. As a result there are more and more green beetles in the beetle population. The progeny of green beetles increase due to natural selection which gives survival advantage.

The green beetles cannot be seen by crows. So, they are not eaten. Increased feeding of red beetles by crow will result in drastic reduction of red beetles and increase in number of green beetles.

Since liquid A gives more cooling effect, latent heat of vaporisation of liquid A must be high.
It takes away more heat from the skin as it converts from the liquid to the vapour form and thereby gives a greater cooling sensation.

The data in the option (1) demonstrates 'Law of constant proportions'.
Hydrogen and oxygen always combine in the ratio 1:8 to form water.

Element X, having atomic number 9, contains 9 protons and its valence shell contains 7 electrons.
The element is fluorine, F(Z=9).
Electronic configuration is: 2, 7
To acquire noble gas configuration, it can accept one electron.

C_(s) + O_2(g) → CO_2(g) + heat

The given reaction represents combustion of carbon to form carbon dioxide.
It is also a combination reaction as two reactants combine to form one product.

When Al is dipped in HNO₃, it forms a layer of Al₂O₃, which decreases the reactivity of Al.

C₂H₂ and C₃H₆ are unsaturated hydrocarbons, so they can give both combustion and addition reaction.

X is nitrogen and nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
N(Z=7): 2,5
It has five valence electrons.
The compound mentioned is NH₃.

NH₃ + H₂O → N H₄OH (Base)

X = Mg
Y = Cl
Z = MgCl₂ (XY₂)
MgCl₂ is an ionic compound and it conducts electricity in the molten state.
Hence, the statements I, II and IV are correct.

Speed of sonar wave decreases in air and so it takes longer time.

All types of focal lengths are not possible because the range of the vision is from infinity to 25 cm for a normal person. A person with myopia (shortsightedness) can see nearby objects clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly. A concave lens corrects shortsightedness by making the image of object at infinite distance at far point

The focal length of the concave lens = Far point ( image distance). Since the image should be formed at a greater distance than 25 cm, the focal length of the lens should be greater than 2.5 cm.

Work done under centripetal force is always zero because force and displacement are perpendicular to each other.

Volume of the box V = x(12 - 2x)²
V = x(144 - 48x + 4x²)
V = 4x(36 - 12x + x²)

When V = 0
4x(x² - 12x + 36) = 0
4x(x² - 6x - 6x + 36) = 0
4x[x(x - 6) - 6(x - 6)] = 0
4x(x - 6)(x - 6) = 0
At x = 0 and x = 6, V = 0
So, 0 < x < 6

When x = 1, V = 100
When x = 2, V = 128
When x = 3, V = 108
When x = 4, V = 64
When x = 5, V = 20

Hence, volume of this box cannot be 130 c.c.

SIMILAR POLYGON

Definition-Two polygons are said to be similar to each other, if

(1) their corresponding angles are equal, and
(2) the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional

It should be noted that for the similarity of polygons with more than three sides, the two conditions given above in the definition are independent of each other, that is either of the two condition without the other is not sufficient for polygons with more than three sides to be similar. In other words, if the corresponding angles of two polygons are equal but lengths of their corresponding sides are not proportional, the polygon need not be similar. Similarly, if the corresponding angles of two polygons are not equal but lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional, the polygon need not be similar. Triangles are special type of polygons, in case of triangles if either of the two conditions holds, then the other holds automatically.

Let the odd number be of the form 4q + 1 or 4q + 3, then
(4q + 1)2 = 16q² + 1 + 8q = 8(2q² + q) + 1
= 8n + 1
Or (4q + 3)2 = 16q² + 9 + 24q = 8[2q² + 3q + 1] + 1
= 8n + 1

tan 1° tan 2° ...... tan 45°...... tan 89°
= tan 1° tan 2° ..... 1 .... cot 2° cot 1°
= 1

ax² + bx + c = 0
for real roots
b² - 4ac ≥ 0
if c = 0
Then b² ≥ 0
This is always true.

Let the side of tin = a
So, U = (a – 2x)² x
Where x is the side of square which have been cut.
Similarly V = (x – 2y)²y
where y is the side of square which have been cut.
Minimum value of U = 0
Minimum value of V = 0
So, U > V and V > U and U = V are possible
But minimum value of U = 0
It cannot be greater than maximum value of V.

Triangle is uniquely determined when all sides are given.

Total of numbers which are divisible by 4 or 6 = no. divisible by 4 + no. divisible by 6 - no. divisible by 4 and 6
= 25 + 16 - 8
= 33

So, required probability = 100-33/100 = 0.67

Total surface area of all spheres always increases when A solid metal sphere is melted and recast a number of smaller spheres.

For option (1)
Rs. 3 can be obtained by 3 Re. 1 coins, which is less then 4 coins.
For option (2)
Rs. 12 can be obtained by 2 Re. 1 coins and 2 Rs. 5 coins, which is equal to 4 coins.
For option (3)
Rs. 9 can be obtained by 4 Re. 1 coins and 1 Rs. 5 coin, which is more than 4 coins.
For option (4)
Rs. 13 can be obtained by 3 Re. 21 coins and 2 Rs. 5 coins, which is more then 4 coins.

Smallest payment from Rs. 9 and Rs. 13 is Rs. 9.

Arrange the numbers in ascending order: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 12, 15

So, Median = 7+8/2 = 7.5

From about 1294 to the time of the French Revolution in 1789, the people of France were expected to strictly follow what were known as "Sumptuary Laws". The laws tried to control the behaviour of those considered social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages and hunting game in certain areas.

On 3^rd March 1933, the Famous enabling Act was passed. This Act established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by decree. All political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi party and its affiliates. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and Judiciary.

Enclosures in England were seen as necessary to make long term investments on land and plan crop rotations to improve the soil. Enclosures also allowed the richer landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market.

The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans. It was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia - Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.

In Africa, in the 1890s, a fast spreading disease of cattle plague or rinderpest had a terrifying impact on people's livelihoods and the local economy.

Istri Dharam Vichar wrote by Shri Ram Chaddha, Kashibaba, a mill worker of Kanpur published 'Chote Aur Bada ka Sawal. Rassundari Devi, wrote a story of her life, 'Amar Jiban' (My life), that was published in 1876. Jyotiba Phula wrote Gulamgiri, it was based on the caste system.

Deeply grateful to print, Martin Luther said, "Printing is the enacted gift of God and the greatest one."

After the Forest Act was enacted in 1865, it was emended twice, once in 1878 and then in 1927. The 1878 Act divided forests into three categories reserved, protected and village forests.

In 1933 Hitler said, ''In my state, the mother is the most important citizen.'' Children in Nazi Germany were repeatedly told that women were radically different from men. The fight for equal rights for men and women that had become part of democratic struggles everywhere was wrong and it would destroy society. While boys were taught to be aggressive, masculine and steel-hearted, girls were told that they had to become good mothers and rear pure-blooded Aryan children.

This history of gymkhana cricket led to first-class cricket being organised on communal and racial lines.
'The Hindus' brilliant victory was due more to the judicious and bold step of the Hindu Gymkhana in appointing Mr Vithal, brother of Mr Baloo – premier bowler of India – who is a member of the Untouchable Class to captain the Hindu team. The moral that can be safely drawn from the Hindus' magnificent victory is that removal of Untouchability would lead to swaraj – which is the prophecy of the Mahatma.'

Ambedkar established the Depressed Classes Association in August 1930. Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience movement in March 1930 and ended in March 1931. In December 1929, Lahore congress adopted the demands for 'Purna Swaraj'.

The Act of union 1707, led the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the land they travelled and Noodles most likely travelled from China through Arab traders to Sicily.

According to Gandhiji, without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.

On 6^th April, Gandhiji and his followers reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It is formed due to compression of plant material over millions of years.

From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh there is a time lag of 2 hours. The latitudinal extent influences the duration of the day and night, as one moves from south to north. Arunachal Pradesh lies on the easternmost longitude hence sun rises first in the state.

In India, west coast has more seaports than the east coast. The western coast being more indented than the eastern coast provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. So, statement A is false.
The eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast. So R is true.

The north western parts of India receive rainfall in winter because
(i) Cyclonic disturbances occur from the West and the North-West.
(ii) These low-pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean sea and Western Asia and move into India alongwith Westerly flow.
(iii) They cause winter rains over Punjab, Haryana and Northern plains

During the winter season, North-East trade winds prevail over India. They blow from land to sea and that is why that for most part of the country, it is a dry season. A part of North-East trade winds blow over Bay of Bengal. They gather moisture which causes rainfall in the Coromandel coast while the rest of the country remains dry.

The four major ports of India that lie on the Golden Quadrilateral are Kolata, Mumbai, Vishakhapatanam and Chennai.

The Himalayan ranges show a succession of vegetation from the tropical to the tundra, which changes with altitude.In mountainous area with increase in altitude there is corresponding decrease in temperature, which leads to change in vegetation types.

Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes, is called contour.
Ploughing large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This method called strip cropping.

The Tropic of cancer passes through the middle of the country. Almost half of the country lying south of the Tropic of cancer, belongs to the Tropical area. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent. It is because of these mountains that this subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to central Asia. Hence, the Indian climate is tropical in nature.

Chotanagpur Plateau marks the further eastward extension drained by the Domodar river.

Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population. According to 2001, the sex ratio is 933.

The pilot reached at 0^o by travelling 15^o towards north. He will reach the latitude 40^o by flying for another 40^o (The total distance being 15^o + 40^o = 55^o)

Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between central authority and various constituent units of the country.

The Indian Constitution defines India as Republic. Republic in the Indian Constitution means the Head of the State, Hon'ble President is elected directly or indirectly for a fixed period of five years. The Head of the State is not a king or queen who is made through succession.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar called the Right to Constitutional Remedies as the 'heart and soul' of our Constitution because it is the only right that makes the rest of the rights effective. When any of our rights are violated we can seek remedy through courts.

Democracy is better form of government. It is an accountable government i.e it is responsible for its own actions, decisions and policies. It is also answerable to the people. Thus the quality of decision making is improved in democracy. Democracy enchances the dignity of the people as it considers everyone as equals and does not discriminate or favour anybody.
However, democracy does not ensure economic development.

In 73^rd Amendment Act, at least one-third of seats in Local Self Government are reserved for women because women constitute nearly half of the population.

Low illiteracy level shows the category of developed country. Besides high life expectancy is an indication of a better economy, and hence the people are more of a resource.

In Indian economy between 1973 and 2003, the sectorial share of agriculture in output decreased for more than its share in total employment.

D is the example of foreign direct investment; a foreign company investing in India.

We accept paper money as a medium of exchange because the currency is authorised by the government of the country.

World Trade Organisation (WTO) is an organisation whose aim is to liberalise international trade. It is not involved in domestic trade.