CBSE Lab Manual Class 11  2025-26

PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

Experiment Name

Objective/Concept

Key Instruments/Materials

Important Notes

To measure the length of a given rod using Vernier Calipers, 

Measure linear dimensions accurately.

Vernier calipers, rod

Record the least count; repeat 3 times for accuracy.

To measure the diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body using a screw gauge.

Precision measurement of small dimensions.

Screw gauge, metallic sphere/cylinder.

Take readings along pitch scale; avoid parallax errors.

To determine the mass of a given body using a beam balance

Understand mass measurement

Beam balance, weights, body

Zero the balance before use

To verify the laws of motion using a frictionless track.

Study Newton’s laws experimentally.

Low-friction track, gliders, pulley, weights, and a stopwatch.

Plot the velocity vs. time graph for verification.

To study the variation of the time period of a simple pendulum with length.

Verify T ∝ √L.

Pendulum, stand, stopwatch.

Record 10 oscillations and calculate the mean.

To determine the acceleration due to gravity using a simple pendulum.

Measure g.

Pendulum, stopwatch, meter scale.

Ensure a small amplitude to approximate simple harmonic motion.

To verify the principle of moments (torque).

Concept of rotational equilibrium.

Meter scale, weights, pivot, hanger.

Ensure scale is balanced horizontally.

To study the relationship between force and extension in a spring (Hooke’s Law).

Elasticity concept.

Spring, weights, ruler.

Plot F vs. extension graph; calculate spring constant k.

To determine the modulus of rigidity of a wire using a torsion pendulum.

Torsional oscillations.

Wire, rigid disc, stopwatch.

Measure angular displacement and period accurately.

To study the motion of a body on an inclined plane.

Motion under gravity.

Inclined plane, stop clock, weights.

Record displacement at regular intervals.

To determine the velocity of sound using a resonance tube.

Sound waves and resonance.

Resonance tube, tuning fork, water.

Take readings carefully; calculate wavelength and speed.

To study the oscillations of a loaded spring (SHM).

Simple harmonic motion.

Spring, weights, stand, stopwatch.

Plot T² vs. m graph.

To find the focal length of a concave mirror.

Mirror formula.

Concave mirror, screen, meter scale, object.

Take multiple measurements for accuracy.

To find the focal length of a convex lens.

Lens formula.

Convex lens, screen, object, meter scale.

Use both real and virtual image methods.

To determine the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens.

Snell’s Law.

Lens, liquid container, pins.

Take readings carefully and ensure proper alignment. 

CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS

To perform a titration between acid and base (e.g., HCl vs. NaOH).

Determine concentration.

Burette, pipette, conical flask, and indicator.

Note the endpoint color change carefully. 

To prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid.

Standardization 

Weighing balance, volumetric flask, and distilled water.

Accurate weighing and dilution are crucial.

To determine the strength of a given solution using volumetric analysis. 

Concentration calculation.

Burette, pipette, solution.

Maintain proper titration technique. 

To study the solubility of salts in water.

Saturation and solubility product.

Beaker, water, salt, stirrer.

Record the temperature and the amount dissolved. 

To study the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and HCl.

Reaction kinetics.

Sodium thiosulfate, HCl, conical flask.

Measure time for turbidity formation. 

To determine the qualitative analysis of salts (cation identification).

Identify metal ions. 

Test tubes, reagents, and flame test.

Follow the correct procedure for safety. 

To determine the qualitative analysis of salts (anion identification).

Identify non-metal ions.

Test tubes, reagents.

Use proper sequence to avoid contamination. 

To prepare a solution of a given molarity.

Solution preparation. 

Balance, volumetric flask, distilled water.

Accurate measurement of the solute is essential. 

To determine the empirical formula of a compound. 

Composition calculation. 

Weighing balance, crucible, and heat source. 

Repeat the experiment for accuracy. 

To perform a precipitation reaction.

Solubility and reaction study. 

Reagents, test tubes.

Note color changes and precipitate formation.

To study pH change during neutralization. 

Acid-base concepts.

pH paper, indicator, acid, base.

Record precise pH at each point. 

To verify the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction. 

Mass balance principle.

Reactants, balance.

Ensure no spillage occurs. 

To study the effect of temperature on solubility.

Solubility principle. 

Salt, water, thermometer.

Maintain a constant heating rate.

To prepare and analyze a coordination compound.

Coordination chemistry.

Chemicals, glassware.

Wear gloves and goggles; handle safely. 

To study the effect of catalysts on a reaction rate.

Catalysis 

H2O2, Mno2.

Measure reaction time accurately.

To perform gravimetric analysis.

Quantitative analysis.

Filter paper, crucible, and reagents.

Dry product before weighing.

BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS

To study permanent slides of plant cells. 

Cell structure.

Slides, microscope.

Identify the cell wall, chloroplast, and nucleus. 

To study permanent slides of animal cells.

Cell organelles.

Microscope, slides.

Identify nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

To study stomatal density in leaves.

Leaf anatomy.

Microscope, epidermal peel.

Count stomata per mm².

To study plasmolysis in plant cells.

Osmosis principle.

Onion peel, sugar solution.

Observe under the microscope.

To prepare temporary mounts of the root tip for mitosis study.

Cell division.

Root tip, acetic acid, microscope.

Count the different stages of mitosis.

To study diffusion using a simple experiment.

Movement of molecules.

Agar, dye, water.

Measure diffusion rate.

To study osmosis using a potato/tissue.

Osmosis principle.

Potato, sugar solution.

Observe the change in mass/length.

To study the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.

Enzyme kinetics.

Catalase, H₂O₂, test tubes.

Record time for oxygen evolution.

To study photosynthesis using leaf discs.

Rate of photosynthesis.

Leaf discs, NaHCO₃, light source.

Measure the floating rate of discs.

To observe the human blood smear.

Identify blood cells.

Microscope, stained smear.

Identify RBC, WBC, and platelets.

To study the anatomy of a dicot and a monocot root/stem/leaf.

Plant anatomy.

Microscope, stained slides.

Label xylem, phloem, and epidermis.

To study salivary amylase activity.

Enzyme catalysis.

Starch, saliva, iodine.

Measure starch breakdown rate.

To study the germination of seeds.

Seed biology.

Seeds, water, germination tray.

Observe radical and plumule emergence.

To study the effect of pH on enzyme activity.

Enzyme function.

Catalase/amylase, buffers.

Record the reaction rate at different pH levels.

To study biodiversity in the local area.

Ecology.

Quadrat, field kit.

Record species, frequency, and abundance.