Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Test - 3

Jahanara wrote 'Munis al arwah' (Confidant of spirits) which is the biography of Shaikh Muinuddin Chisti.

Vitthala is a form of Lord Vishnu worshipped predominantly in the Indian state of Maharashtra, especially in the region of Pandharpur. The Vitthala temple in Pandharpur is dedicated to Lord Vitthala, also known as Vithoba or Panduranga.

The Nayanars and Alvars led religious movements in south India during the seventh to ninth centuries. The Nayanars were devotees of Shiva while the Alvars were the devotees of Vishnu.

The Alvars were a group of Tamil poet-saints who lived in South India between the 6th and 9th centuries CE. They were devoted exclusively to Lord Vishnu and composed devotional hymns, known as "Divya Prabandham," which praised the various forms and exploits of Vishnu. The Alvars are considered the earliest proponents of the Bhakti movement in South India and are revered in the Sri Vaishnavism tradition.

Nirguna bhakti was the worship of an abstract form of God. As the name suggests, Nirguna bhakti is devoted to and worships the Divine in his formless nature.

The wandering monks of Karnataka during the 12th century are known as Jangamas. They were itinerant Shaivite monks who played a crucial role in spreading the teachings of Lingayatism, a movement emphasizing devotion to Lord Shiva and social equality. Jangamas traveled from place to place, preaching the ideals of Lingayatism and advocating for ethical living. Their presence and teachings had a significant impact on the religious and social landscape of Karnataka during that time. Jangamas were instrumental in popularizing Lingayatism and shaping its religious practices.

The Nayanars and Alvars were the Tamil poet-saints who played a key role in propagating the Bhakti Movement in Southern India during the 5th-10th Centuries. 

Evangelism is not included in the five pillars of Islam. The five pillars of Islam are charity, faith, fasting, prayer and pilgrimage.

From eighth to eighteenth century striking features was a visibility of wide range of gods and goddesses in sculpture and texts. There was integration of cults – composition, compilation and  presentation of puranic texts in simple Sanskrit verses.

The origins of Lingayatism is traced to the 11th- and 12th-century CE in a region that includes northern Karnataka and nearby districts of South India.