Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement Test - 1

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India and is considered a historically important revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer's uprising that took place in the Champaran district of Bihar, India, during the British colonial period.

Gandhiji decided to withdraw the 'Non-Cooperation Movement' in February 1922 because of the following reasons : In 1922, at Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful mob turned violent and clashed with the police resulting in the deaths of several policemen.

Mahatma Gandhi saw the charkha as a symbol of human society that would not glorify machines and technology. The spinning wheel, moreover, could provide the poor with supplementary income and make them self-reliant. 

Gandhiji made his first major public appearance at the opening of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in February 1916. 

Mahatma Gandhi regularly published in his journal, Harijan, letters that others wrote to him. 

In September 1939, two years after the Congress ministries assumed office, the Second World War broke out. Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru had both been strongly critical of Hitler and the Nazis. 

Gandhiji was as much a social reformer as he was a politician. He believed that in order to be worthy of freedom, Indians had to get rid of social evils such as child marriage and untouchability. Indians of one faith had also to cultivate a genuine tolerance for Indians of another hence his emphasis on Hindu-Muslim harmony.

Gandhiji saw in the Khilafat Movement an opportunity for uniting the Hindu-Muslim. He said that the Congress plea for Hindu- Muslim unity "would be an empty phrase if the Hindus hold aloof from the Muslims when their vital interests are at stake".

The British government convened a series of “Round Table Conferences” in London. The first meeting was held in November 1930, but without the pre-eminent political leader in India, thus rendering it an exercise in futility.

In January 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to his homeland after two decades of residence abroad.

Gandhiji’s acknowledged political mentor, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, as well as Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who, like Gandhiji, was a lawyer of Gujarati extraction trained in London.