Nature and Significance of Management Test - 4

Top level managment consists of the senior-most executives of the organisation. They are usually referred to as the Chairman, Board of Directors, Managing Directors, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, President and Vice-President etc.They are responsible for all the activities of the business and for its impact on society.

Accountant is not a position of senior most executive in an organisation.

Planning is concerned with specially formulation of policies and strategies. Planning is concerned with deciding in advance what to do and how to do. Objectives, Strategies, Policies, Procedures, Methods, Rules, Programme and Budget are different types of plan which are formulated in advance.

Cooperation is an act of working or acting together for a common purpose for benefit.it aims to help each other. It is more or less active assistance from a person, organisation etc. whereas the process by which a manager synchronises the activities of different departments is known as coordination. 

coordination is deliberatly synchronising the activities of different departments or indiviudals whereas cooperation is willing spirit of helping each other.

The other two aspects given in the option of this question (Planning and Staffing) are functions of managment. 

Marketing and Personnel Managers are part of Middle level Management because Middle Level Management consists deparmental and divisional heads or managers. Marketing, Personnel, Finance, Production etc. are different departments in an organisation. On the other hand Top Level Management consists Senior most executives such as - Chairman, Chief Executive Officers etc. and Operational Management consists Supervisor and Foreman.

The work performed by Top Level Management is complex and stressful because they have to devote long hours and commitment to the organisation.These top level managers are responsible for the welfare and survival of the organisation.They are responsible for all the activities of the business and for its impact on society.

Their work is not concerned with control of operative level employees as this has to be done by Middle Level Management. Apart from that overseeing the efforts of worker has to be done by Operational or Supervisory Management

Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals or target.In the above case manager was able to achieve the target of 25,000 units in a year. That's why he can be called effective. 

Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost. In the above case manager achieved the target at higher production cost. That's why he can not be called efficient.

Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost.In the above case, Production manager was able to cut down the cost. That's why he is efficient.

Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals or target. In the above case, Production manager could not achieve the target production of 22,000 units in a year. That's why he is effective.

Management is a goal-oriented process because an organisation has set of basic goals which are the basic reason for its existence. Management units the efforts of different individuals in the organisation towards achieving these goals.

Management is a group activity because an organisation is a collection of diverse individuals with different needs. Every member of the group has a different purpose for joining the organisation but as members of the organisation they work towards fulfilling the common organisational goal. This requires team work and coordination of individual effort in a common direction. At the same time management should enable all its members to grow and develop as needs and opportunities change.

Management is not a tangible force because it cannot be touched and seen but its presence can be felt in the way organisation functions. The effect of management is noticeable in an organisation when:

1. Targets are met according to plans

2. Employees are happy and satisfied

3. There is orderliness instead of chaos

It can be concluded that Management is an intangible force and not a tangible force.