Sources of Energy Test - 10

Biogas means a gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter. The organic matter can be manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock. Biogas is mainly methane and carbon dioxide.

The incandescent bulb consists of a sealed glass bulb with a filament inside. When electricity is passed through the filament, the filament gets hot. Depending on the temperature of the filament, radiation is emitted from the filament.

The filament's temperature is very high, generally over 2,000º C, or 3,600º F. In a "standard" 60-, 75-, or 100-Watt bulb, the filament temperature is roughly 2,550º C, or roughly 4,600º F. At high temperatures like this, the thermal radiation from the filament includes a significant amount of visible light.

This principle of obtaining light from heat is called ‘incandescence.” At this high temperature of 2,000º C, about 5 percent of the electrical energy converts into visible light and the rest of it is emitted as heat or infrared radiation.

Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.

The first barrier to building a nuclear weapon is finding nuclear fuel. Very few types of atoms are both the right size and abundant enough to make a nuclear weapon. It's either uranium or plutonium for fission bombs, or a mixture of deuterium and tritium (both of them rare forms of hydrogen whose mass number is 2) for nuclear fusion.

Ethyl mercaptan is a strong smelling agent added to LPG cylinders to detect leakage.
LPG gas is basically propane and butane, and it is odourless in its natural state. The smell that you notice when there is a leak is actually the stench of an entirely different agent, called Ethyl Mercaptan. This substance is added to the gas when it leaves the main storage terminals.

Suffocation and headache can be caused by carbon monoxide, Green house effect is due to Carbon dioxide, Acid rains are due to sulphur dioxide and smog is as a result of Nitrogen dioxide.

(1) The group of solar cells joined together in definite pattern is solar panel---Solar panels are those devices which are used to absorb the sun's rays and convert them into electricity or heat. Description: A solar panel is actually a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells, which can be used to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect
(2) The device used for obtaining energy for flowing water is water wheel----A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill
(3) A barrier constructed on the river to store the flowing water is dam---A dam is usually constructedacross a river to create a reservoir in the valley behind by storing the water that flows into it naturally. ... Small rivers and streams are usually diverted through a tunnel, or a channel that is constructed around the side of the dam
(4) A domestic fuel which contains butane is LPG---Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases

(1) Nuclear energy is the energy obtained from the nucleus of an atom---the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.
(2) Geothermal energy is the energy present inside the earth's crust----Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma
(3) Fission occurs by breaking of heavy nucleus into two medium sized nuclei---A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction. 1. A uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron and fissions into two new atoms (fission fragments), releasing three new neutrons and some binding energy
(4) Nuclear fusion occurs when two light weight nuclei combine to from a big nuclei----nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the products and reactants is manifested as the release of large amounts of energy.

(1)A component found in Natural gas is  Methane---flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel
(2) By product obtained by destructive distillation of wood is Charcoal ---Process in which a solid material (usually coal or wood) is heated at high temperature out of contact with air to make coke, coal tar, or charcoal. It is called 'destructive' because the chemical composition of the end product is distinctly different from that of the input material
(3) Combustible component of biogas is wood----Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic ..... "Biogas CHP - Alfagy - Profitable Greener Energy via CHP, Cogen and Biomass Boiler using Wood,Biogas, Natural Gas, Biodiesel, Vegetable Oil,
(4) Metal used for connecting solar cells in solar panel is Silver---Solar panels absorb the sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity or heat. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged, connect assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells. ... The most common application of solar panels is solarwater heating systems

(1) Component of sunlight which carries heat energy of Infrared radiations--- It is infrared radiation that produce the warm feeling on our bodies. Most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and much of what reaches the earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere to become heat energy
(2) Gases responsible for acid rain are Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide----rainfall made so acidic by atmospheric pollution that it causes environmental harm, chiefly to forests and lakes. The main cause is the industrial burning of coal and other fossil fuels, the waste gases from which contain sulphur and nitrogen oxides which combine with atmospheric water to form acids.
(3) Process which converts solar energy into chemical energy is Photosynthesis---Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things.
(4) Burns with explosion is Hydrogen----Reaction of hydrogen with air. Hydrogen is a colourless gas, H₂, that is lighter than air. Mixtures ofhydrogen gas and air do not react unless ignited with a flame or spark, in which case the result is a fire or explosion with a characteristic reddish flame whose only products are water, H₂O