Minerals and Energy Resources Test - 20

• Magnetite and haematite are good quality ores of iron.
  
• The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite which has 72.4% iron, hematite with 69.9% iron, goethite with 62.9% iron, limonite and siderite with 48.2% iron.
  

• The metal extracted from bauxite ore is aluminium. It is world’s primary source of aluminium. The ore is first chemically processed to produce alumina or aluminium oxide. Alumina is smelted next by electrolysis to produce aluminium.
  
• Largest producer of bauxite is Australia.
  

A petroleum refinery is a place where crude oil dug out from earth is processed and refined to produce final useful products like petrol, diesel, heating oil, kerosene and LPG etc.

Petrochemical industries are located close to refineries because transportation of petroleum and its products are always dangerous hence the distance is always kept minimised.

Damodar valley is called Ruhr of India because it has similar characteristics with that of Ruhr which is located in Germany. The characteristic is that Ruhr has immense coal resources. In the same way Damodar valley accounts for 6% of the coal reserves of India.

India is bestowed with numerous valuable mines. In terms of value Odisha leads the mineral production. Odisha has a share of 10.62% of the production. It is located on north eastern peninsular belt.

• Manganese is a chemical compound that is not found as a free element. It is often found as an alloy mixed with iron. It is mainly used in production of stainless steel.
  
• It is found surplus in India. The main reserves are found in Karnataka, followed by Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Goa. India is the fifth largest producer of manganese, first being Brazil.
  

Coal has many important uses worldwide.

Coal in India is mostly used for energy generation like electricity generation and as liquid fuel. Steam coal - also known as thermal coal - is mainly used in power generation.

• Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics  and chemical industries.
  
• Aluminium is an important metal because it combines the strength of metals such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.
  
• Due to its excellent dielectric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
  

The only oil field of India is called Mumbai high which is located 176 kilometres off the coast of Mumbai. Operations are done by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation of India.

This was discovered by Russian and Indian oil exploration team. It is located in gulf of Kambat. Bombay High crude has more than 60% paraffinic content while light Arabian crude has only 25% paraffin.

Kochi oil refinery is located in the Kochi district of Kerala state. It has a production capacity of 9.5 million tonnes per annum. It is a public sector owned organisation. Petrochemical products are obtained from here.