The Age of Industrialization Test - 4

By the late nineteenth century, manufacturers were printing calendars to popularise their products. Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who could not read. They were hung in tea shops and in poor people’s homes just as much as in offices and middle-class apartments.

In north India, the Elgin Mill was started in Kanpur in the 1860s.

Surat on Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf & Red sea ports;

In Bengal, Dwarkanath Tagore made his fortune in the China trade before he turned to industrial investment, setting up six joint-stock companies in the 1830s and 1840s.

Orient – The countries to the east of the Mediterranean, usually referring to Asia. The term arises out of a western viewpoint that sees this region as pre-modern, traditional and mysterious.

Two Magicians, published in Inland
Printers, 26 January 1901.

Cotton and Metal industries were the two most dynamic industries in Britain.

In many industries the demand for labour was seasonal. Gas works and breweries were especially busy through the cold months. So they needed more workers to meet their peak demand. Book- binders and printers, catering to Christmas demand, too needed extra hands before December

Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international market in textiles.

Cottagers and poor peasants who had earlier depended on common lands for their survival, gathering their firewood, berries, vegetables, hay and straw.