Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 58

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 58

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Select the correct option for the given statements.
Statement 1 - Cigarette smoking and prolonged bronchitis causes emphysema.
Statement 2 - It may result in pulmonary hypertension.

A
Statement 1 and statement 2 are correct.

B
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

C
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

D
Statement 1 and statement 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Cigarette smoking and prolonged bronchitis causes distention and separation of the alveolar sacs and destruction of the capillaries associated with them. This results in formation of large air spaces, where air remains trapped and is not used in gaseous exchange. It results in pulmonary hypertension and structural changes in the right ventricle.
So, the correct answer is 'Statement 1 and statement 2 are correct.'
Question 2
1 / -0

Asthmatic attacks are caused due to ______

A
Air pollution

B
Allergens

C
Both A and B

D
Water pollution

Solution

Asthmatic attacks are due to air pollution and allergens in the air. Broncho-dilators are given to them to dilate blockage and relieve pain in the chest. Thus, option C is correct.
Question 3
1 / -0

The right lung of rabbit has four lobes. They are

A
Anterior lobe, Anterior azygous, Posterior lobe and Right anterior

B
Posterior lobe, Posterior and anterior azygous, Right anterior and Right posterior

C
Anterior azygous, Right anterior, Right posterior and Posterior azygous lobe

D
Anterior lobe, Anterior azygous, Right anterior and Posterior azygous lobe

Solution

Right lung has four lobes- a) Anterior azygous b) Right anterior c) Right posterior d) Posterior azygous. Left lung has two lobes - a) Left anterior b) Left posterior lobe.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which features distinguish bronchioles from bronchi?

A
Bronchioles are less than 1 mm in diameter

B
Bronchioles have cartilage in their walls

C
Larger bronchioles are supported by connective tissue alone which extend from the interlobular septa

D
Both A and B

E
Both A and C

Solution

Bronchi are tubes that branch off from the trachea into each lung. Bronchioles are smaller tubes that branch off from each bronchus. There are only two bronchi compared with the hundreds of bronchioles.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which bone separates dorsal air passage from the buccal cavity and pushes the internal nares to the extreme posterior end of the pharynx?

A
False palate

B
Muscular palate

C
Secondary bony palate

D
Roof of buccal cavity

Solution

The secondary bony palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates. It is formed by the growth of the two palatine shelves medially and their mutual fusion in the midline.
Question 6
1 / -0

Match the items of Column I with items in Column II concerning inhalation.
Column I
Column II
A. Diaphragm 1. Increases in volume
B. Air Pressure 2. Contract
C. Intercostal muscles 3. Becomes flat
D. Thoracic cavity 4. Decreases

A
A- 4, B- 3, C- 2, D- 1

B
A- 3, B- 1, C- 2, D- 4

C
A- 3, B- 4, C- 2, D- 1

D
A- 3, B- 4, C- 1, D- 2

Solution

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward becoming flat. Intercostal muscles present between the ribs also contract and space in the thoracic cavity increases. Due to the increased space, the air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases, and the air is rushed into the lungs.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
1 / -0

If pH of blood is artificially changed to 8, what is most likely to happen?

A
The tissues will not get oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin will not dissociate into oxygen and haemoglobin.

B
The carbon dioxide will not be released from carbonic acid and carbonates.

C
The carbonic anhydrase will be completely inhibited.

D
It will generate carbon monoxide and the animal will die of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Solution

In the human body, there is an important buffering system in acid-base homeostasis known as the 'bicarbonate buffering system'. Being a buffer, it maintains the plasma pH (7.35 - 7.45) and would counteract any force that can alter the system.
The reaction of the system is as follows:
CO$$_{2}$$ + H$$_{2}$$O --> H$$_{2}$$CO$$_{3}$$ --> HCO$$_{3}^{-}$$ + H$$^{+}$$
This is a reversible reaction, where the carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which in turn rapidly dissociates to form hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme has its optimum activity at the physiological pH.
If the pH goes high (8) or on an alkaline side, the activity of the enzyme will be inhibited.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Question 8
1 / -0

The protein alpha-1 antitrypsin is used to treat the disease

A
Cancer

B
Rheumatoid arthritis

C
Alzheimer's disease

D
Emphysema

E
ADA deficiency disease in children

Solution

Emphysema is a group of lung diseases which block the airflow and make breathing difficult. As in this condition, the inner walls of the air sac get rupture and creating one larger air space. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and thus, reduces the amount of oxygen to reach the bloodstream.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a protease inhibitor and it is used to treat emphysema because it protects tissues from enzymes of inflammatory cells.
Question 9
1 / -0

Select the most appropriate answer.

People who have migrated from the plains to an area adjoining Rohtang Pass about six months back:

A
Have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

B
Are not physically fit to play games like football

C
Suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea fatigue etc.

D
Have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$
Solution
- When a person is on a high altitude, he has to acclimatize to it.
- Breathing becomes difficult at high altitudes, because of the low density of the air. There is not sufficient oxygen in the atmosphere to oxygenate the blood adequately.
- The oxygenation of blood depends upon the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. As atmospheric pressure decreases, so do the partial pressure of the oxygen.
- For short durations, humans compensate for high altitudes by increasing the respiratory rate (hyperventilation). During a longer period of acclimatization, physiological changes occur.
- The number of red blood cells in the blood increases (polycythemia). Other changes in the body's acid-base balance can also happen.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Respiratory disease associated with excess histamine is

A
Bronchitis

B
Emphysema

C
Asthma

D
All of the above

Solution

Symptoms of allergy-related asthma result from high levels of histamine in the bloodstream. The excessive histamine causes swelling of the mucosa that line the airways of the lungs, bronchial smooth muscle contractions in the lungs, and increased mucous secretion, which form plugs in the airway leading to symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, wheezing and chest tightness.

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Column I	Column II
A. Diaphragm	1. Increases in volume
B. Air Pressure	2. Contract
C. Intercostal muscles	3. Becomes flat
D. Thoracic cavity	4. Decreases

Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 58

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 58

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Question 1

Statement 1 and statement 2 are correct.

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

Statement 1 and statement 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Question 2

Air pollution

Allergens

Both A and B

Water pollution

Solution

Question 3

Anterior lobe, Anterior azygous, Posterior lobe and Right anterior

Posterior lobe, Posterior and anterior azygous, Right anterior and Right posterior

Anterior azygous, Right anterior, Right posterior and Posterior azygous lobe

Anterior lobe, Anterior azygous, Right anterior and Posterior azygous lobe

Solution

Question 4

Bronchioles are less than 1 mm in diameter

Bronchioles have cartilage in their walls

Larger bronchioles are supported by connective tissue alone which extend from the interlobular septa

Both A and B

Both A and C

Solution

Question 5

False palate

Muscular palate

Secondary bony palate

Roof of buccal cavity

Solution

Question 6

A- 4, B- 3, C- 2, D- 1

A- 3, B- 1, C- 2, D- 4

A- 3, B- 4, C- 2, D- 1

A- 3, B- 4, C- 1, D- 2

Solution

Question 7

The tissues will not get oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin will not dissociate into oxygen and haemoglobin.

The carbon dioxide will not be released from carbonic acid and carbonates.

The carbonic anhydrase will be completely inhibited.

It will generate carbon monoxide and the animal will die of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Solution

Question 8

Cancer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Alzheimer's disease

Emphysema

ADA deficiency disease in children

Solution

Question 9

Have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

Are not physically fit to play games like football

Suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea fatigue etc.

Have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

Solution

Question 10

Bronchitis

Emphysema

Asthma

All of the above

Solution

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