Body Fluids and Circulation Test

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 70

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Which of the following protein is responsible for spontaneous blood clotting?

A
Factor XII

B
Factor XI

C
Factor IX

D
Factor VIII

Solution

Factor VIII is an important blood clotting protein, which is also known as anti-haemophilic factor (AHF), encoded by the F$$_{8}$$ gene.
Factor VIII circulates in the bloodstream in an inactive form, bound to another molecule, called Von Willebrand factor, until an injury that damages the blood vessels occurs. When injury occurs, the factor VIII is activated and separates from Von Willebrand factor. The active protein interacts with another coagulation factor, called factor IX. This interaction leads to a chain of additional reactions, that form a blood clot.
Question 2
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Which of the following blood vessels does not carry any carbon dioxide?

A
Pulmonary artery

B
Vena cava

C
Hepatic vein

D
Pulmonary vein

Solution

There are two types of blood vessels such as arteries and veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other body parts except for pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs. Veins carry deoxygenated blood from other parts of the body to the heart except for pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
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Which one of the following mammalian cells is not capable of metabolizing glucose to carbon dioxide aerobically ?

A
Red blood cells

B
White blood cells

C
Unstriated muscle cells

D
Liver cells

Solution

RBCs of mammalian cells at maturity lose all the organelles and the space is replaced by haemoglobin. So it does not contain mitochondria and the oxidative enzymes of mitochondria to carry out the Krebs cycle. It instead uses EMP and hexose monophosphate shunt to anaerobically breakdown glucose to release ATP
So, the correct answer is 'Red blood cells'
Question 4
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A drop of each of the following, is placed separately on four slides. Which of them will not coagulate?

A
Blood plasma

B
Blood serum

C
Sample from the thoracic duct of lymphatic system

D
Whole blood from pulmonary vein
Solution
Correct option: B

Explanation:
Blood serum is a fluid and solute component of blood, which doesn't have any clotting factors. It includes all electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones and any exogenous substances. As it don't have any clotting factors and fibrinogen. serum will not coagulate.
Blood plasma will coagulate, because it has clotting factors and fibrinogen protein required for coagulation process.
Lymph and blood vessels also have clotting factors and are capable of coagulation.
Thus, Option B is correct.
Question 5
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In the clotting mechanism pathway, thrombin activates factor

A
XI, VIII, V

B
XI, IX, X

C
VIII, X, V

D
IX, VIII, X

Solution

Thrombin is a serine protease, that in humans is encoded by the F$$_{2}$$ gene. Thrombin is obtained by the proteolytic cleavage of prothrombin in the coagulation cascade which results in reduction of blood loss. Thrombin now acts as a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble strands of fibrin and also catalyzes many other coagulation related reactions. So, once activated, thrombin acts to convert factor XI to XIa, VIII to VIIIa, fibrinogen to fibrin, V to Va and XIII to XIIIa.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Question 6
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Blood platelets help in the blood coagulation mechanism by liberation of

A
Thromboplastin

B
Thrombin

C
Prothrombin

D
None of the above

Solution

Thromboplastin is a plasma protein aiding blood coagulation through catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. It is a complex enzyme that is found in brain, lung, and other tissues and especially in blood platelets and that functions in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting of blood, called as thrombokinase.
Question 7
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Blood platelets are formed from:

A
Thrombocytes

B
Megakaryocytes

C
Leucocytes

D
Erythroblasts

Solution

Circulating blood platelets are specialized cellular fragments, that prevent bleeding and minimize blood vessel injury. Large progenitor cells in the bone marrow, called megakaryocytes are the source of platelets.
Question 8
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'P' wave of ECG occurs before the

A
Onset of ventricular contraction

B
End of arterial contraction

C
Beginning of atrial contraction

D
End of ventricular contraction

Solution

Atrial systole, normally occurring before ventricular systole, is indicated electrically by the P wave on the ECG. Atrial contraction represented by the P-wave of the electrocardiogram is characterized by electrical depolarization of the atria. Approximately 70 percent of blood goes into the ventricle and the remaining 30 percent is squeezed out through atrial contraction (P-wave).
Question 9
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The RBCs of the camel are:

A
Circular, convex and non-nucleated

B
Circular, convex and nucleated

C
Oval and non-nucleated

D
Oval and nucleated

Solution

The red blood cells of camel are oval-shaped and they also have a nucleus in them, unlike in other mammals, where the RBCs are circular and enucleated. The oval shape helps to facilitate their flow in a dehydrated state. These cells are also more stable in order to withstand high osmotic variation without rupturing when drinking large amounts of water. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
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Thromboplastin is secreted by

A
Platelets

B
Lymphokines

C
Helper T cells

D
Mast cells

Solution

Thromboplastin is secreted by the platelets. It is a plasma protein which aids in blood coagulation through catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. It is a complex enzyme, that is found in brain, lung, and other tissues and especially in blood platelets and that functions in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting of blood. It is also called thrombokinase.

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 70

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 70

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Question 1

Factor XII

Factor XI

Factor IX

Factor VIII

Solution

Question 2

Pulmonary artery

Vena cava

Hepatic vein

Pulmonary vein

Solution

Question 3

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Unstriated muscle cells

Liver cells

Solution

Question 4

Blood plasma

Blood serum

Sample from the thoracic duct of lymphatic system

Whole blood from pulmonary vein

Solution

Question 5

XI, VIII, V

XI, IX, X

VIII, X, V

IX, VIII, X

Solution

Question 6

Thromboplastin

Thrombin

Prothrombin

None of the above

Solution

Question 7

Thrombocytes

Megakaryocytes

Leucocytes

Erythroblasts

Solution

Question 8

Onset of ventricular contraction

End of arterial contraction

Beginning of atrial contraction

End of ventricular contraction

Solution

Question 9

Circular, convex and non-nucleated

Circular, convex and nucleated

Oval and non-nucleated

Oval and nucleated

Solution

Question 10

Platelets

Lymphokines

Helper T cells

Mast cells

Solution

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