Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 22

The supraoptic and paraventricular areas of the anterior hypothalamus have osmoreceptors that serve to detect the alterations in osmolarity of blood plasma and target the ADH secretion to maintain the balance.

• Adrenaline is secreted by adrenal medulla during a stressful situation. It increases the metabolic rate, dilation of blood vessels that enter the heart and the brain. 
• The blood vessels of the skin and kidneys constrict to supply more blood to the heart and the brain. Hence it initiates a quick reaction in a person during stress. 
• This is called a fight and flight response. Hence adrenaline is called emergency hormone.
  Thus the correct answer is option C.

• The endocrine part of the pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, which regulates the level of glucose in the blood, and also somatostatin, which in turn prevents the release of these two.
• Both melatonin and its precursor, serotonin, which are derived chemically from the tryptophan, are synthesized in the pineal gland.
  
• The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes multiple hormones, which in turn controls other glands like growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, vasopressin, prolactin, etc.
  
• The thymus produces and secretes thymosin, a hormone necessary for T lymphocyte's development and production. 
  

So the correct answer is option B.

• Parathormone of parathyroid gland reduces the blood phosphate level while increases the blood calcium level. 
• Therefore, its hypersecretion causes hypercalcemia which makes option C correct. 
• Calcitonin hormone stimulates a temporary reduction in the number and activity of osteoclasts and thereby reducing the blood calcium level to normal. Calcitonin is also called as TCT. 
• Aldosterone stimulates renal absorption of sodium ions and water to regulate blood volume. 

Correct option: A

Explanation:

• Hormones are chemical messengers they are released in a minute quantity in our body and are released as ductless glands. Hormones transmit from one place to another to target by altering protein activities in protein. On basis of the chemical nature of hormones, there are two types of hormones: steroidal hormone and protein hormone.
• In protein, hormones are either amino acid derivatives or amino acids and steroidal hormones are made of cholesterol or lipids.
• Thyroxine is an amino acid derivative hormone
• Glucagon 29 amino acids together form glucagon
• Insulin 51 amino acids together form insulin
• Estrogen/oestrogen is a sex hormone in the female reproductive system. Some common symptoms of low estrogen are irregular periods, UTIs, depression, pain during sex.

Hence, ‘Oestrogen’ is the correct answer. 

Apocrine gland are the one that secretes a viscous fluid into a hair follicle e.g. sweat glands.
Merocrine gland discharges acellular components without damage to the secreting cell e.g. sweat glands

The correct option is A.