Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 45

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 45

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Question 1
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What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

A
Glucagon is secreted by $$\beta$$-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis

B
Secretion of thymosin is stimulated with aging

C
In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

D
FSH stimulates the secretion of androgens

Solution

Mechanism of hormone action is not the same in all categories of hormones. These hormones bind with the specific receptors located in their target tissues. A hormone receptor is of two types: membrane-bound receptor and intracellular receptor. FSH is a proteinaceous hormone, has a large molecular weight and is insoluble in lipids, therefore, it cannot enter the target cell. Thus, it binds with the membrane-bound receptor present on the ovarian cell membrane.
So the correct answer is 'In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane'.
Question 2
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Observe the given figures and select the option that correctly identifies the labels A, B, C and D.

A
A-Parathyroid gland, B-Isthmus, C-Trachea, D-Thyroid gland

B
A-Thyroid gland, B-Isthmus, C-Trachea, D-Parathyroid gland

C
A-Thyroid gland, B-Isthmus, C-Larynx, D-Parathyroid gland

D
A-Thyroid gland, B-Corpus luteum, C-Trachea, D-Parathyroid gland
Question 3
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Mary is about to face an interview. But during the first five minutes before the interview she experiences sweating, increased rate of heart beat, respiration, etc. Which hormone is responsible for her restlessness?

A
Estrogen and progesterone

B
Oxytocin and vasopressin

C
Adrenaline and noradrenaline

D
Insulin and glucagon

Solution

Medulla of adrenal glands secrete two hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline. During emergency, adrenaline is released and causes dilation of blood vessels, so that the blood flow is increased. It also increases heart beat so that more oxygen is consumed and it also increased blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is also known as emergency hormone. Norepinephrine($$=$$ Noradrenaline) causes increased activity of heart, inhibition of gastrointestinal tract, dilation of the pupils of the eyes and so forth. Because of the role of their hormones, the adrenal glands are also called 'gland of emergency'.

So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline and noradrenaline'.
Question 4
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All hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides except.

A
Corticotropin releasing hormone

B
Growth hormone inhibitory hormone

C
Somatostatin

D
Prolactin release inhibiting hormone

Solution

Prolactin release inhibiting hormone is an amino acid derivative hormone produced in the hypothalamus.
So, the correct answer is 'prolactin release inhibiting hormone'
Question 5
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A hormone responsible for normal sleep-wake cycle is?

A
Epinephrine

B
Gastrin

C
Melatonin

D
Insulin

Solution

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by pineal gland. Immediately above the optic chiasma(in the brain) in a nucleus, are present melatonin receptors that react to this hormone and synchronise the nucleus to the $$24$$hrs day/night rhythm, thus informing the brain when it is day and when it is night.
Question 6
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The pituitary gland by virtue of its tropic hormones controls the secretory activity of other endocrine glands. Which one of the following endocrine glands can function independent of the pituitary gland?

A
Adrenals

B
Gonads

C
Thyroid

D
Parathyroid

Solution

Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, variably located on the back of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. The major function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium and phosphate levels within a very narrow range, so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly. The parathyroid glands do this by secreting parathyroid hormone.
So the correct option is 'parathyroid'.
Question 7
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Who discovered the parathyroid glands while dissecting a rhinoceros?

A
Sir Richard Owen

B
Galen

C
Andreas Vesalius

D
Anders Olaf Retzius

Solution

The parathyroid gland was first discovered in 1852 during the autopsy of an Indian rhinoceros by Sir Richard Owen.
So, the correct option is 'Sir Richard Owen'.
Question 8
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Which of the following reasons states that parathyroid is hormone is a hypercalcemic hormone?

A
PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal
tubules

B
PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food

C
PTH control the metabolism of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats

D
Both A and B

Solution

In humans, four parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland, one pair each in the two lobes of the thyroid gland. They secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH).
PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food. it also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal tubules.PTH acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption (dissolution/demineralization).
Hence PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone, i.e., it increases the blood Ca2+ levels. Along with TCT(Thyrocalcitonin), it plays a significant role in calcium balance in the body
So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.
Question 9
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What are the function of the pituitary gland in our body?

A
Regulate the functions of other endocrine glands

B
Training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells

C
Regulates the body's metabolism

D
Regulate calcium levels and have no effect on metabolism
Solution
Major functions of pituitary gland include;
It senses the body's needs, sends signals to different organs and endocrine glands to regulate their functions.
It secretes hormones to the bloodstream through which can act as messengers to transmit the info.
Question 10
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Which of the following is the hormone secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of kidney which stimulates the formation of RBC?

A
Cholecystokinin

B
Erythropoietin

C
Secretin

D
All of the above

Solution

A.Cholecystokinin is a hormone which is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
B.Erythropoietin is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys.
C.Secretin,a hormone released into the bloodstream by the duodenum.
So,the correct option is 'Epinephrine'.

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 45

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 45

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Question 1

Glucagon is secreted by $$\beta$$-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis

Secretion of thymosin is stimulated with aging

In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

FSH stimulates the secretion of androgens

Solution

Question 2

A-Parathyroid gland, B-Isthmus, C-Trachea, D-Thyroid gland

A-Thyroid gland, B-Isthmus, C-Trachea, D-Parathyroid gland

A-Thyroid gland, B-Isthmus, C-Larynx, D-Parathyroid gland

A-Thyroid gland, B-Corpus luteum, C-Trachea, D-Parathyroid gland

Question 3

Estrogen and progesterone

Oxytocin and vasopressin

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

Insulin and glucagon

Solution

Question 4

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone

Somatostatin

Prolactin release inhibiting hormone

Solution

Question 5

Epinephrine

Gastrin

Melatonin

Insulin

Solution

Question 6

Adrenals

Gonads

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Solution

Question 7

Sir Richard Owen

Galen

Andreas Vesalius

Anders Olaf Retzius

Solution

Question 8

PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renaltubules

PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food

PTH control the metabolism of carbohydrates,proteins and fats

Both A and B

Solution

Question 9

Regulate the functions of other endocrine glands

Training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells

Regulates the body's metabolism

Regulate calcium levels and have no effect on metabolism

Solution

Question 10

Cholecystokinin

Erythropoietin

Secretin

All of the above

Solution

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PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal
tubules

PTH control the metabolism of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats