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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 66

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 66
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The low blood sugar level is maintained due to the secretion of hormone by the gland
    Solution
    Thyroxine is thyroid hormone which targets all tissues and stimulates metabolic rate, growth and development. Antagonistic functions of insulin and glucagon hormones of pancreas maintain the homeostasis of blood glucose level. Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans of the pancreas and serves to lower the blood glucose level by stimulating the uptake of glucose by cells, specifically muscle cells, liver cells and adipose tissues cells. Glucagon hormone from pancreas stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and breakdown of fat into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissues to serve as the substrate for glucose formation in liver cells. Parathormone of parathyroid gland reduces the blood phosphate level while increases the blood calcium level. Hormones of adrenal gland serve to prepare the body for the long term and short term stress responses. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would probably show a tumour in the
    Solution
    Hypothalamus is mass of grey matter present at the base of the cerebrum. The centre for thirst and drinking regulation is present in lateral hypothalamus while that for hunger and satiety is present in the arcuate nucleus, ventral nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. The anterior hypothalamic region regulates body temperature. This makes option D correct.
    Cerebellum serves to coordinate the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles as well as posture, balance and equilibrium.
    Medulla oblongata consists of reflex centres that control heartbeat, blood vessel diameter and rhythm of breathing as well as other vital functions. 
    Pons verolli is part of brain stem serves as the connector between spinal cord and brain and between different parts of the brain; it also controls breathing. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    When the blood phosphorus level becomes too high, the result is
    Solution
    Parathormone of parathyroid gland reduces the blood phosphorus level while increases the blood calcium level. Therefore, increased blood phosphorus level is regulated by PTH. 
    Calcitonin hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland in response to increased blood calcium level, stimulates a temporary reduction in number and activity of osteoclasts and thereby reducing the blood calcium level to normal. Thyroxine is thyroid hormone which targets all tissues and stimulates metabolic rate, growth and development. 
    Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and breakdown of fat into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissues to serve as the substrate for glucose formation in liver cells. 
    Growth hormone target soft tissues and bones and serves to stimulate cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the target of parathyroid hormone?
    Solution
    Parathyroid hormone regulates the level of calcium in the blood. It does this through its actions on the kidneys, bones and intestine. When the blood calcium level is too low, the parathyroid glands release more parathyroid hormone (PTH). This causes the bones to release more calcium into the blood, increase the absorption of more calcium through food and reduces the amount of calcium released by the kidneys into the urine. 
    Thus the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Thyroid hormone increase the rate of breathing, intake and consumption of oxygen, and increase the activity of mitochondria. Under which of the following criteria, the function of thyroxine can be classified?
    Solution
    Thyroxine is the hormone which is released by the thyroid glands. This hormone is responsible for the regulation of heart rate, breathing rate, metabolic consumption of glucose by the cells and respiratory activities. These all activities are classified as cardiovascular functions. The hormone is responsible for the regulation of all the different developmental activities which are related to normal functioning and the growth of organism. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    What role is performed by pancreas in order to deal with an increased blood glucose level above normal range?
    Solution
    The pancreas is the leaf-shaped gland that plays an essential role in maintaining blood sugar level. The pancreas has dual function an exocrine function that helps in digestion by producing digestive enzymes and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar by producing the hormone. It produces the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps to decrease the  concentration of glucose in blood by converting it into the glycogen in liver thereby allowing the body’s cells to use glucose for energy. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
     Berry's ligament is also known as 
    Solution
    The suspensory ligaments are the ligaments which are used to attach an organ to the body. There are different suspensory ligaments observed in the body. The ligament which attached the thyroid gland is called as the Berry's ligament. This is the suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Colloid is basically composed of 
    Solution
    The thyroid gland is present in the front part of the neck and is located below the larynx. There are many lobules in this gland. There are follicle cells in these lobules which produce the thyroid hormones. The follicle contains a jelly-like matrix. This matrix is called as the colloid. The colloid is composed of thyroglobulin which is called as iodinated glycoprotein. This is the protein which is used for the secretion of the hormone. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the given labeled parts is responsible for the decrease in the amount of stored glycogen in the liver?

    Solution
    D represents pancreas. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood. When the glucose level is high, the pancreas releases insulin which converts glucose to glycogen in the liver. The pancreas releases another hormone, glucagon when the blood sugar levels fall. This causes the cells in the liver to turn glycogen back into glucose which can then be released into the blood. The blood sugar levels will then rise.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    ............. is the only complete ring of the cartilage around the trachea.
    Solution
    Cricoid cartilage is the ring or complete circular cartilage in the neck. This is the cartilage which is the complete cartilage of the trachea. This is situated to the inferior of the thyroid cartilage. This also forms the back portion of the larynx. This cartilage serves as the point of attachment of the muscles, ligaments and other types of cartilage which are involved in the speech movement. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
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