Biomolecules Test - 8

The number of substrate molecules changed per minute by a molecule of enzyme is called turn over number. Higher the turn over number more effective is the enzyme.

Monoterpene eaters called pyrethoids found in flowers and leaves of chrysnthemumare used commercially for making insecticides.

The inhibition of enzyme activity by presence of a chemical that competes with thesubstrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme is called substrate analogue.

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble but insoluble in water. Vitamin B and C are water soluble vitamins.

Enzymes functional inside the living cells are called endoenzyme or intracellular enzyme. It function only inside the cell in which it was produced.

Inulin is a starchy substance found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and other herbs. This polysaccharide is not metabolized in human body and used for kidney function.

A number of enzymes require metal ions for their activity which form coordination bonds with side chains at the active site and at the same time form one or more cordination bonds with the substrate, e.g., zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase.

zinc is a cofactor for the pro­teolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase and forms coordina­tion bonds with the side chains of two histidines and one glutamic acid residue at the active site. A fourth bond is formed between zinc and the a-carboxyl group of the substrate amino acids, and it is here that the cleavage of the peptide occurs.

Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature and pH called the optimum temperature and optimum pH.

Yeast cells obtain energy under anaerobic conditions using a very similar process called alcoholic fermentation.

Glycolysis is the chemical breakdown of glucose to lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation is identical to glycolysis except for the final step.

In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide.