Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 49

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Question 1
1 / -0

'Smog', which means 'smoke' plus 'fog', irritates eyes and the throat. Smog is mainly caused by pollutants from automobiles and industries when they:

A
hit a dense shower of snow flakes

B
react photochemically, due to the effect of ultraviolet light

C
form a smoke ring

D
react with oxygen in the air due to lightning electrical discharge from clouds

Solution

Smog is especially common from automobile exhaust. A chemical reaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and an atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen causes photochemical smog.
Question 2
1 / -0

The sixth planet of the solar system is the huge planet Saturn. The beautiful, coloured rings of Saturn are mainly made of:

A
millions of rocks and chunks of ice

B
greenish clouds of chlorine and sulphur dust

C
red dust particles in the air

D
reflection of light from tiny mirrors of silver compounds

Solution

Saturn is called the "Jewel of the Solar System" because its ring looks like a crown. The ring is made up of dust, rock, and ice accumulated from passing comets, meteorites impacts on Saturn's moons and the planet's gravity pulling material from the moons.
Question 3
1 / -0

The herbicide DCMU kills the weeds because it inhibits __________.

A
respiration

B
$$CO_{2}$$ fixation

C
cell division

D
$$NO_3^{2-}$$ uptake

Solution

DCMU (Dichlorophenyl dimethyl urea) is a herbicide which kills the weeds by inhibiting $$CO_{2}$$ fixation as it is a strong inhibitor of photosystem II ($$P_{680}$$).DCMU acts by blocking electron flow at the guanine acceptors of PS II, by competing for the binding site of plastoquinone.
So the correct option is B.
Question 4
1 / -0

The smog is formed by:

A
smoke and fog

B
smoke and bog

C
smut and fog

D
smut and bog

Solution

Smog is a type of air pollution. The word 'Smog' is made up of smoke and fog.
Smoke is a cloud of very small solid particles produced when something is burned in the flame. Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of minute water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air. So when the smoke gets mixed with fog it produces the smoke.
so the correct answer is 'smoke and fog'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Photochemical smog always contains

A
aluminium ions

B
methane

C
ozone

D
phosphorus.

Solution

Smog is a type of severe air pollution. Photochemical smog, often referred to as summer smog, is the chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone. Photochemical smog depends on primary pollutants as well as the formation of secondary pollutants. These primary pollutants include nitrogen oxides, particularly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and volatile organic compounds. All of these harsh chemicals are usually highly reactive and oxidizing. Photochemical smog is therefore considered to be a problem of modern industrialization. Photochemical (summer smog) forms when pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (primary pollutant) and organic compounds (primary pollutants) react together in the presence of sunlight. A gas called ozone (Secondary pollutant) is formed.
So the correct option is 'ozone'.
Question 6
1 / -0

"The final Agent Orange raid in Vietnam took place in 1970; _______ areas have begun to bloom in 1970. But 19 years after the war's end, it seem plain that Agent Orange is killing and maiming human beings, something it never intended to do. The apparent toxic fallout from those clouds ___ is a crop of human miseries including cancers, miscarriages and birth defects - that may persist for decades."
The offensive substance referred to in this quotation is

A
A complex minute of DDT and other insecticides used as aerial sprays for protection against malaria and other tropical diseases

B
A complex mixture of herbicides and weedicides used to increase agricultural output in the South Vietnam under the U.S. aid programme

C
DOT used as an insecticide

D
Dioxin used as defoliants

Solution

Agent Orange was a herbicide mixture used by the U.S. military during the Vietnam War which contained a dangerous chemical contaminant called dioxin, however, continues to have the harmful impact today.
So, the correct option is 'Dioxin used as defoliants'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding ozone is incorrect ?

A
'Good ozone' is formed in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) that absorbs harmful UV rays coming from Sun, 'bad ozone' is present in the upper part of atmosphere (stratosphere) that harms plants and animals.

B
The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU).

C
Recognising the deleterious effects of ozone depletion, an international treaty, known as the Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (canada) in 1987 (became effective in 1989) to control the emission of ozone depleting substances.

D
None of these

Solution

The good zone is formed in the ozone layer of the stratosphere and absorbs harmful UV rays coming from the Sun.
Bad ozone is formed in the troposphere in the lower atmosphere and harms plants and animals.
So, the incorrect option is ''Good ozone' is formed in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) that absorbs harmful UV rays coming from Sun, 'bad ozone' is present in the upper part of the atmosphere (stratosphere) that harms plants and animals'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Ozone depletion is occurring widely in ______________.

A
Troposphere

B
Stratosphere

C
Ionosphere

D
All of these

Solution

Ozone depletion is occurring widely in the stratosphere, particularly marked over the Antarctic region.
So, The correct answer is (B)- Stratosphere.
Question 9
1 / -0

'Thermal pollution' means dumping heat in an ecological system, like a lake or a pond. Thermal power plants have to throw some heat into a 'sink' because of they:

A
get overheated

B
have special anti-pollution laws

C
follow the local sanitation laws

D
follow the second natural law of thermodynamics

Solution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of the quality of water due to a sudden change of its temperature. A primary source of thermal pollution is the discharge of heated water from the power plants. The unused heat, generally around $$60$$% of the input energy which is unable to be used in the process, is then returned to a sink, such as water.
Question 10
1 / -0

One way of preventing pollution of the air is by passing exhaust gases through a filter. Glass fibre or silicone-treated bags of textile material are used for filtering.

A
Hot gases

B
High pressure gases

C
Cold gases

D
Reactive gases

Solution

Silicone coated fiberglass bags are resistant to high temperatures and are able to separate at a temperature range of approximately $$-50^oC$$ to $$+250^oC$$. Thus it has excellent weather proof and water repellent properties. It is also resistant to chemicals. It is used to filtering hot gases as it can withstand high temperatures.

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 49

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 49

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

hit a dense shower of snow flakes

react photochemically, due to the effect of ultraviolet light

form a smoke ring

react with oxygen in the air due to lightning electrical discharge from clouds

Solution

Question 2

millions of rocks and chunks of ice

greenish clouds of chlorine and sulphur dust

red dust particles in the air

reflection of light from tiny mirrors of silver compounds

Solution

Question 3

respiration

$$CO_{2}$$ fixation

cell division

$$NO_3^{2-}$$ uptake

Solution

Question 4

smoke and fog

smoke and bog

smut and fog

smut and bog

Solution

Question 5

aluminium ions

methane

ozone

phosphorus.

Solution

Question 6

A complex minute of DDT and other insecticides used as aerial sprays for protection against malaria and other tropical diseases

A complex mixture of herbicides and weedicides used to increase agricultural output in the South Vietnam under the U.S. aid programme

DOT used as an insecticide

Dioxin used as defoliants

Solution

Question 7

'Good ozone' is formed in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) that absorbs harmful UV rays coming from Sun, 'bad ozone' is present in the upper part of atmosphere (stratosphere) that harms plants and animals.

The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU).

Recognising the deleterious effects of ozone depletion, an international treaty, known as the Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (canada) in 1987 (became effective in 1989) to control the emission of ozone depleting substances.

None of these

Solution

Question 8

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Ionosphere

All of these

Solution

Question 9

get overheated

have special anti-pollution laws

follow the local sanitation laws

follow the second natural law of thermodynamics

Solution

Question 10

Hot gases

High pressure gases

Cold gases

Reactive gases

Solution

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