Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 68

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Chlorofluorocarbons are not being used in refrigerators because they

A
Increase temperature

B
Cause allergic reactions

C
Deplete ozone

D
Both A and B

Solution

Among the five layers of the earth's surface ozone is present in the stratosphere which absorbs UV radiation before it reaches the ground. The main cause of ozone depletion is manufactured paraffinated halogen chemicals especially CFCs, these compounds reach the stratosphere by winds, where they release halogen atoms through photodissociation and cause the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. The ozone hole formed due to this increase the exposure of direct UV rays on earth carrying the potential risk of skin cancer and other negative effects.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Deplete ozone'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Acid rain will not affect

A
Lithosphere

B
Plants

C
Ozone layer

D
Animals

Solution

Acid rain has no direct effect on the ozone layer. Acid rain is the rain which has unusually low pH and has acidic pollutant of nitric acid and sulphuric acid caused by the atmospheric oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. There is a little mixing of ozone with troposphere which occurs by downwind. The pollutants which cause acid rain do not make it into the ozone layer in any significant amount. The clouds appear in the troposphere and precipitation occurs from there causing rain. So, acid rain is between the troposphere and the earth's surface (Lithosphere) while the ozone layer is in the stratosphere. Plants and animals are worst affected by the acid rain.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Ozone Layer'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Acid rain is caused by

A
$$SO_2$$ and $$SO_3$$

B
$$SO_2$$ and CO

C
$$NH_3$$ and CO

D
$$SO_2$$ and $$NH_3$$

Solution

Correct answer: A
Explanation:
• When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air, a chemical reaction occurs, resulting in acid rain.
• These chemicals rise to the top of the atmosphere, where they react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants.
• In the presence of water, sulphur dioxide reacts with water and oxygen to form sulphur trioxide, which is quickly converted to sulphuric acid.
Hence, acid rain is caused by sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide.
Question 4
1 / -0

Photochemical smog consists of

A
$$O_3, SO_2$$ and hydrocarbons

B
$$O_3$$, PAN and $$NO_x$$

C
$$SO_2, CO_2$$ and hydrocarbons

D
$$SO_2$$, PAN and smoke

Solution

Photochemical smog is the result of sunlight induces chemical reaction between the primary pollutants to form the secondary pollutants. This produces an effect of smoke and fog. The primary pollutants like volatile organic compounds, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur react with water vapours and oxygen in the presence of sunlight to form the ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and nitrous oxides. These secondary pollutants persist in the environment and decrease the visibility other than causing the deficiency of oxygen. Their presence induces severe respiratory illness in humans and animals and also affect the physiology of plants.
Hence, the correct answer is 'O$$_{3}$$, PAN and NO$$_{x}$$'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Ozone hole is caused by

A
Acetylene

B
Ethylene

C
Chlorofluorocarbons

D
Methane

Solution

Ozone hole refers to the depletion of the ozone layer present in the stratosphere of the atmosphere. The chlorofluorocarbons are the paraffinated halogens that enter the stratosphere with winds and split up when exposed to the UV rays. They release reactive chlorine which further reacts with the ozone to release diatomic oxygen. The ozone hole shows a low concentration of ozone which is less than 220 DU. It is more prominent over Antarctica due to polar vortex and formation of the polar stratospheric clouds.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Chlorofluorocarbons'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Result of ozone hole is

A
Green house effect

B
Global warming

C
Acid rain

D
UV radiations reach the earth

Solution

Ozone is found in high concentration in the stratosphere of the earth's surface in the form of ozone blanket or commonly known as the ozone layer. The vital function of ozone is to absorb the sun's ultraviolet radiation before it reaches the ground hence protecting the earth from its harmful effect. But the ozone-depleting substance such as Chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxides, etc that reacting with the ozone layer cause depletion of it forming ozone hole.
Hence, the correct answer is 'UV radiations reach the earth'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Melanin protects us from

A
X-rays

B
Infra-red rays

C
Visible rays

D
UV rays

Solution

The intermediary lobe of the pituitary gland secreted the Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) that acts on the types of cells in the skin called the melanocytes. These cells produce a coloured pigment called the melanin which diverts the UV-A radiations falling on the skin. This prevents the UV rays from reaching to the other sensitive cells of the body and prevents the possible damages to the DNA that can be caused by them. This is the reason that body develops tanning when exposed to the bright sunlight. It is a protective mechanism.
Hence, the correct answer is 'UV rays'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Nitrogen oxide formed during emission from automobiles and power plants are a source of fine air particles which lead to

A
Dry acid deposition

B
Photochemical smog

C
Wet acid deposition

D
Industrial smog

Solution

The photochemical reaction is caused by absorption of energy in the form of light. The word smog is formed of smoke and fog. Photochemical smog is the major contributor to air pollution and is composed of primary and secondary pollutants. Primary being the nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Nitrogen oxides are contributed the automobile exhausts and power plants emissions. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. e.g., Ethylene. Gasoline and natural gas are major sources of unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Photochemical smog'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Match the columns and find out the correct combination.

I II
a DDT i. Co, $$CO_2$$
b PAN ii. Smog
c Acid rain iii. Biological magnification
d Global warming iv. $$SO_2$$

A
a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

B
a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv

C
a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

D
a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i

E
a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii

Solution

I II
a DDT iii Biological magnification
b PAN ii Smog
c Acid Rain iv SO$$_{2}$$
d Global Warming i CO, CO$$_{2}$$
a. DDT is the organochlorine that was used as the insecticide. It is insoluble in water but shows persistence in the adipose tissues of the living organisms due to which it keeps in accumulating at the successive trophic level in the food chain. This accumulation is called the biological accumulation.
b. Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) is the secondary pollutant that causes the formation of smog in the presence of sunlight,
c. Acid rain the result of the reaction between the oxides of nitrogen and sulphur with the water to form the respective acids and precipitate in the form of acid rain.
d. Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the earth due to the trapping of the long-wave infra-red radiations by the gases like CO, CO$$_{2}$$. This is called the greenhouse effect.
Hence, the correct answer is 'a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Soil pollutants affecting food chains and food webs by killing microorganisms are

A
Chemical fertilizers

B
Agriculture wastes

C
Pesticides

D
Pathogens

E
$$NO_x$$

Solution

Pesticides besides killing the insects, pests, rodents which damage the crops are hazardous for the soil, vegetation, human and animals. These pesticides are lethal to invertebrates which eat crops, in natural habitat these invertebrates having pesticides in them are eaten by small birds infecting them with poison, which consequently eaten by a big bird and thus the infestation continues to the top of food chain. The dead organic containing the pesticides severely affect the microbes by disrupting their physiology. The absence of decomposition destroys the food chains and food web.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Pesticides'.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

	I		II
a	DDT	i.	Co, $$CO_2$$
b	PAN	ii.	Smog
c	Acid rain	iii.	Biological magnification
d	Global warming	iv.	$$SO_2$$

Environmental Chemistry Test - 68

Result

Environmental Chemistry Test - 68

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Increase temperature

Cause allergic reactions

Deplete ozone

Both A and B

Solution

Question 2

Lithosphere

Plants

Ozone layer

Animals

Solution

Question 3

$$SO_2$$ and $$SO_3$$

$$SO_2$$ and CO

$$NH_3$$ and CO

$$SO_2$$ and $$NH_3$$

Solution

Question 4

$$O_3, SO_2$$ and hydrocarbons

$$O_3$$, PAN and $$NO_x$$

$$SO_2, CO_2$$ and hydrocarbons

$$SO_2$$, PAN and smoke

Solution

Question 5

Acetylene

Ethylene

Chlorofluorocarbons

Methane

Solution

Question 6

Green house effect

Global warming

Acid rain

UV radiations reach the earth

Solution

Question 7

X-rays

Infra-red rays

Visible rays

UV rays

Solution

Question 8

Dry acid deposition

Photochemical smog

Wet acid deposition

Industrial smog

Solution

Question 9

a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv

a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i

a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii

Solution

Question 10

Chemical fertilizers

Agriculture wastes

Pesticides

Pathogens

$$NO_x$$

Solution

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