Collection of Data Test - 21

The example provided, where an advertising manager seeks feedback on an advertising copy by conducting a preview screening and listening to the comments of experts, is an example of personal observation. It involves directly observing and evaluating a situation or phenomenon firsthand. In this scenario, the advertising manager personally observes the experts' comments during the preview screening to gather insights into the potential success of the advertising copy. 

The sampling procedure refers to the method or technique used to select individuals or units from the population to be included in the sample. It involves systematic steps and strategies for selecting a representative subset of the population for data collection purposes. The choice of sampling procedure depends on various factors such as the research objectives, characteristics of the population, resources available, and the desired level of precision and accuracy in the sample. 

Random sampling allows researchers to calculate the accuracy of the results because every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This property enables statistical techniques to be applied accurately to the sample data, allowing for reliable inferences to be made about the population as a whole.

An inquiry in which each unit of the universe (or population) is studied is called "Complete enumeration" or "Census." In complete enumeration, data is collected from every individual or unit in the population, leaving no element unaccounted for. This approach contrasts with sampling methods where only a subset of the population is studied to make inferences about the whole population.

Industry reports are comprehensive documents that provide detailed data and analysis on various aspects of specific sectors or markets. These reports typically include information on economic indicators, market trends, competitive landscapes, industry forecasts, regulatory developments, and other relevant factors impacting the sector. They are valuable sources of secondary data for businesses, investors, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders seeking insights into industry dynamics and opportunities. 

Direct personal interviews can indeed be expensive and time-consuming compared to other data collection methods. This is because they typically involve travel expenses for the interviewer, scheduling appointments with respondents, and spending time conducting the interviews face-to-face. Additionally, the process of transcribing and analyzing the data obtained from interviews can also add to the time and cost of this method.

Third-party data collection often involves methods that provide respondents with a degree of anonymity and convenience, making mailed questionnaires a suitable option. This method allows third parties to respond at their own pace and in their own space, potentially increasing response rates and providing a level of comfort for sensitive or private information.

National Sample Survey Organisation(NSSO) conducts large-scale socio-economic surveys to collect data on various aspects such as employment, income, consumption, health, education, etc., in India.

The census method involves collecting data from every individual or unit within a population, rather than selecting a sample. It aims to gather comprehensive information about various demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the entire population. This method provides a complete and detailed picture of the population, enabling governments, organizations, and researchers to make informed decisions and formulate policies based on accurate and exhaustive data.

A sample is a subset of the population from which it is drawn. The population refers to the entire group that researchers are interested in studying, while the sample represents a smaller, manageable subset of that population. Samples are used to make inferences or draw conclusions about the population from which they are taken.