Judiciary - Constitutional, Civil, Criminal Courts and Processes Test 3

The disputes between the government and the citizens over the decisions of the government are settled by the Supreme court. According to Constitution of India, Supreme court is the highest court, who only has the power to resolve the disputes between central government and state government, disputes between two states.

Under Article 143 of the Constitution of India, the Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India in following conditions:-

• The President may ask the Court's opinion on treaties and agreements made before the Constitution was framed.
• The advice is not binding on the President.

A Judge of High Court holds the office until he completes the age of 62 years. Neither an additional or an acting judge can hold office beyond the age of 62 years. 

The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution, and the powers of different levels of the government. The Supreme Court acts as an umpire in case of disputes arising between different levels of the government in the exercise of their respective powers of dual objectives. If there is any disputes between the Centre and the State government, Supreme Court plays very important role as middle man to resolve that disputes.

The Supreme Court of India is the final authority to see to it that the division of powers as specified in the constitution is obeyed by both the Union and the State governments. So, Article 131 of the Indian Constitution vests the Supreme Court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to determine the justiciable disputes between the Union and the States or between the States.

The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. 

High courts have original jurisdiction over those cases in which the High Court has authority to hear and decide cases in the first instance. High courts have the appellate jurisdiction to accept appeals against the decisions of District Courts, in civil as well as criminal matters.

India being a federation; powers are divided between the Union and State governments. The Supreme Court of India is the final authority to see to it that the division of powers as specified in the constitution is obeyed by both the Union and the State governments. So, Article 131 of the Indian Constitution vests the Supreme Court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to determine the justiciable disputes between the Union and the States or between the States.

On re-organization of the North-Eastern region by the North Eastern Area (Re-organization) Act, 1971, a common High Court was established for the five North-Eastern States namely; Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura and the two Union Territories namely Union Territory of Mizoram and the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh and called as the Gauhati High Court. Thereafter, when Manipur attained Statehood, Imphal Bench of the Gauhati High Court came into existence on Friday, the 21st day of January 1972.

Every Judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President after consultation with the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts besides the Council of Ministers.

Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. The Supreme Court has advisory jurisdiction (to give its opinion) on any question of law or fact of public importance as may be referred to it for consideration by the President.