Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 8

The first step of recombinant DNA technology involves isolation of genetic material. This is performed by using enzymes that hydrolyzes the outer covering of cell as cellulase, chitinases pectinase etc.

Longer overhangs are called cohesive ends or sticky ends. They are most often created by restriction endonucleases when they cut DNA.

Bacterium E.coli carries resistance to antibiotic Fluroquitnolone due to presence of plasmid having extra nuclear DNA.

Primers are chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA and the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Downstream processing is the separation and purification of recombinant protein product. Downstream processing and quality control testing vary for different products.

Gel electrophoresis technique involves separation of different segments of DNA according to their size. The smallest bands in the agarose gel will be towards positively charged anode.

Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase. Taq polymerase is an enzyme that copies DNA. It is isolated from a heat-loving bacterium that is naturally found in hot springs, so the enzyme doesn't break down at the high temperatures necessary for copying DNA using a polymerase chain reaction.

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell.

In microbiology, the process of electroporation is often used to transform bacteria, yeast, or plant protoplasts by introducing new coding DNA.

Biolistic gun is used to insert the foreign DNA into the target organism. The gene gun is utilized to bombard the plant cell wall with many DNA coated metal particles by using compressed helium as the propellant.

Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Chien et al. in 1976.Its name is often abbreviated to Taq Pol or simply Taq. It is frequently used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method for greatly amplifying the quantity of short segments of DNA. It remain active during high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA.