Biotechnology and its Applications Test

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 34

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Bt toxins are

A
Intracellular lipids

B
Intracellular crystaline proteins

C
Extracellular crystalline proteins

D
Intracellular polysaccharides.

Solution

Soil bacterium Bacillus thruingiensis (Bt) produces proteins that kill certain insects like lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).Bacillus thuringinesis forms some intracellular protein crystals. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive toxin and is converted into an active form due to the alkaline pH of the alimentary canal that solubilities the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and creates pores which cause cell swelling and lysis and finally cause the death of the insect.
So, the correct answer is 'Intracellular crystaline proteins'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Agro-chemical based agriculture includes

A
Fertilisers and pesticides

B
Genetically modified crops

C
RNA interference

D
All of these.

Solution

Agrochemical based agriculture is used to increase the food production. It includes use of agrochemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the following is statements is not correct?

A
Most Bt toxin are insect group specific

B
RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense

C
The recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses in humans

D
Adult-onset diabetes can be controlled by taking insulin at regular time intervals

Solution

- Bt toxins are insecticidal toxins.
- RNAi takes place only in all eukaryotic organisms.
-The recombinant therapeutics don't induce unwanted immunological responses in humans.
- Adult-onset diabetes can be controlled by taking insulin at regular time intervals.
So, the correct option is option B.
Question 4
1 / -0

An example of gene therapy is

A
Production of injectible hepatitis B vaccine

B
Production of vaccines in food crops like potatoes which can be eaten.

C
Introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from SCID

D
Production of test tube babies by artificial insemination and implantation of fertilised eggs.

Solution

Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child for adenosine deaor embryo. An example of gene therapy is the introduction of geneminase in persons suffering from ADA deficiency, a disorder caused due to the deletion of gene for adenosine deaminase. In some patients , it can be cured by bone marrow transplantation whereas in some by the enzyme replacement therapy
So, the correct option is 'introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from SCID'
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is incorrect about gene therapy in ADA deficiency?

A
Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured.

B
A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes.

C
Lymphocytes are then introduced in the body of patient.

D
Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes.

Solution

As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA-cNDA (using a retroviral vector) is then introduced into these lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the body of the patient. However, as these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes.
So, the correct answer is 'Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Read the following four statements (A-D).

A. The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
B. Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macromolecules.
C. Downstream processing is one of the steps of rDNA technology.
D. Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of rDNA into the host.

Which of the two statements have mistakes?

A
B and C

B
C and D

C
A and C

D
A and B
Question 7
1 / -0

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel:

A
Biofertilisers

B
Bio-metallurgical techniques

C
Bio-mineralisation process

D
Bio.-insecticidal plants

Solution

Bio-insecticides are those biological agents that are used to control harmful insects. Because of the development of methods of genetic engineering, B. thuringiensis toxic genes are introduced into plants. Such plants are resistant to attack by insect pests. Bt cotton is one such example.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains A, B, and C.
(ii) C-polypeptide chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids and arranged in two polypeptide chains-A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S-S linkage.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(iv) and (v)

D
(iii), (iv) and (v)

Solution

Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains: A, having 21 amino acids and B, with 30 amino acids. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide bridges. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide briges. The hormone develops from a storage product called pronsulin. Proinsulin has three chains: A, B and C, C-chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
So, the correct answer is '(iv) and (v)'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of

A
Mycobacterium

B
Rhizobium

C
Saccharomyces

D
Escherichia

Solution

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).
Question 10
1 / -0

Given figure represents the maturation of pro-insulin into insulin. Identify the product A.

A
Polypeptide chain A

B
Polypeptide chain B

C
Polypeptide chain C

D
Both A and B

Solution

There are three polypeptide chains (polypeptide A, B and C) in pro-insulin, which is the inactive form. It gets active after the removal of polypeptide C.
So, the answer is polypeptide C.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 34

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 34

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Intracellular lipids

Intracellular crystaline proteins

Extracellular crystalline proteins

Intracellular polysaccharides.

Solution

Question 2

Fertilisers and pesticides

Genetically modified crops

RNA interference

All of these.

Solution

Question 3

Most Bt toxin are insect group specific

RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense

The recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses in humans

Adult-onset diabetes can be controlled by taking insulin at regular time intervals

Solution

Question 4

Production of injectible hepatitis B vaccine

Production of vaccines in food crops like potatoes which can be eaten.

Introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase in persons suffering from SCID

Production of test tube babies by artificial insemination and implantation of fertilised eggs.

Solution

Question 5

Lymphocytes from patient's blood are taken out and cultured.

A functional ADA cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes are then introduced in the body of patient.

Patient does not require periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes.

Solution

Question 6

B and C

C and D

A and C

A and B

Question 7

Biofertilisers

Bio-metallurgical techniques

Bio-mineralisation process

Bio.-insecticidal plants

Solution

Question 8

(i) and (ii)

(iii) and (iv)

(iv) and (v)

(iii), (iv) and (v)

Solution

Question 9

Mycobacterium

Rhizobium

Saccharomyces

Escherichia

Solution

Question 10

Polypeptide chain A

Polypeptide chain B

Polypeptide chain C

Both A and B

Solution

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