Biotechnology and its Applications Test

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 41

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

First progress in field of genetic engineering started in 1978 by S. Cohen, P. Berg and H. Boyer, by synthesis of ................. through E.coli.

A
Insulin

B
Growth hormone

C
Somatostatin

D
Both A and B

Solution

The invention of recombinant DNA technology is a major breakthrough. In this, genetic material from one organism is artificially transmitted into the genome of other organism and then replicated and expressed by that organism. This was largely the work of Paul Berg, Herbert W. Boyer and Stanley N. Cohen. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli or yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) which then produces insulin for human use. Recombinant human growth hormone is administered to patients whose pituitary glands generate insufficient quantities to support normal growth and development.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 2
1 / -0

Transgenic animals are produced by injecting foreign gene into the

A
Egg

B
Nucleus of unfertilized egg

C
Nucleus of fertilized egg

D
Nucleus of sperm

Solution

A transgenic animal is an animal which carries a foreign gene. The foreign gene with the help of vector DNA is inserted into the desired organism. This hybrid DNA is called as recombinant DNA and process is called as recombinant DNA technology. There are two methods for producing transgenic animal such as transforming embryonic stem cells (ES cells) growing in tissue culture with the desired DNA and injecting the desired gene into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg of the animal. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which one of the following can help in the diagnosis of genetical basis of a disorder?

A
ELISA

B
ABO Blood group

C
PCR

D
NMR
Solution
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA to produce multiple copies of the same sequence. PCR can be used as a diagnostic tool, where a sample of DNA is analyzed for the presence of genetic disease due to mutations.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is used to detect viral infectious disorder based on antibody-antigen interactions.
- ABO blood grouping is used to determine the blood group of an individual.
- NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) is used to obtain complete information about the structure, reaction state, and chemical conditions of molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is 'PCR'.
Question 4
1 / -0

First transgenic mouse grew twice the normal size after drinking -------- containing water.

A
Cu

B
Fe

C
Zn

D
Ra

Solution

When the transgenic mice were a few weeks old, they were given drinking water containing zinc. Mice carrying the transgene grew to twice the size of their litter mates because the metallothionein enhancer sequence stimulated by zinc had increased growth hormone production.
Question 5
1 / -0

The main uses of recombinant DNA technology are

A
Production of transgenic humans

B
The creation of cells capable of synthesizing economically important molecules

C
The efficient production of useful recombinant proteins

D
Both B and C

Solution

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in biological organisms. The basic process of recombinant DNA technology revolves around the activity of DNA in the synthesis of protein. By intervening in this process, scientists can change the nature of the DNA and of the gene make-up of an organism. By inserting genes into the genome of an organism, the scientist can induce the organism to produce a protein it does not normally produce. The genes used in DNA technology are commonly obtained from host cells or organisms called gene libraries. A gene library is a collection of cells identified as harboring a specific gene. For example, E. coli cells can be stored with the genes for human insulin in their chromosomes.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

The first step in production of insulin using E.coli is

A
Isolation of mRNA transcribing for insulin pancreas cell.

B
Isolation of nucleotides transcribing for insulin from pancreas cell.

C
Isolation of gene producing insulin from human DNA.

D
Attachment of gene producing insulin from human DNA to plasmid using ligase.

Solution

Scientists synthesized in the laboratory genes for the two insulin "A" and "B" chains. This is accomplished by chemically linking together small pieces of DNA sequence and then joining them in a specific manner to form complete genes. Once the genes were synthesized, they are attached into circular DNA strands called as plasmids. The newly constructed plasmids containing the transplanted genetic material were introduced into a benign E. coli bacterial strain.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which one of the following is a transgenic organism?

A
Holly sheep and Tomato

B
Dolly sheep and Subabul

C
Molly sheep and Banana

D
Bt Cotton and Tomato (Flavr Savr)

Solution

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium used by organic farmers as a natural pesticide. Bt creates a toxin to specific insect larva but is harmless to mammals. The gene for this protein has been genetically engineered into plants to make them insect resistant e.g., Bt cotton (modified to control budworms and bollworms). Delayed ripening technology is to delay the ripening process that causes rotting without affecting natural flavour development. Fruit ripening and softening are caused in part by enzymes. Inhibition of this enzymes activity by expression of antisense mRNA delays the ripening process. Flavr Savr tomato was the first genetically engineered food approved for human consumption in the USA. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Question 8

1 / -0

Pick up correct matching set of scientists in field of biotechnology.

	List I		List II
A	Cohen	1	Structure of insulin
B	Sharpey-Schafer	2	Biofuel cells
C	F. Sanger	3	Established bacterial gene banks
D	V. B. D. Skermman	4	Totipotency in plants
		5	Coined insulin

A- 2, B- 5, C- 1, D- 3

A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 4

A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 2

A- 2, B- 1, C- 5, D- 3

Solution

A biofuel uses living organisms to produce electricity. Biofuel cell is the cell that uses the enzymatic reaction to produce electricity. It was given by the Cohen in 1931.

Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer was an English physiologist.

He is regarded as a founder of endocrinology. Schafer coined the word "insulin" after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 was awarded to Frederick Sanger "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin".

V.B.D. Skermman established bacterial gene banks.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Question 9
1 / -0

The food made from genetically modified crops required to pass human testing because

A
They may cause allergies

B
They may alter genes

C
They may cause mutations and release toxins

D
All of the above

Solution

Genetically modified crops need to pass the human testing process strictly. The crops have been modified by transforming one of the character or gene to induce resistance to pests or obtain high yield. The gene which is introduced may be obtained from varied sources like bacteria, plants, weeds, etc. There may be particles or agents which may act as allergens when enters into human body. These genes or agents may act as activators or repressors of certain genes or may be responsible to alter genes. They may cause insertion mutations and produce molecules like toxins. GMOs need to pass testing and get the advice from the different commitees before entering into the market.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

Most foods derived from genetically modified crops contain

A
The same number of genes as food produced from conventional crops

B
The same number of genes as foods produced from hybrid crops

C
One or two additional genes

D
Hundreds of additional genes

E
No genes at all

Solution

Genetically modified crops contain one or two additional genes than either conventional or hybrid crops as it is formed to improve the quality of crops.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 41

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 41

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Question 1

Insulin

Growth hormone

Somatostatin

Both A and B

Solution

Question 2

Egg

Nucleus of unfertilized egg

Nucleus of fertilized egg

Nucleus of sperm

Solution

Question 3

ELISA

ABO Blood group

PCR

NMR

Solution

Question 4

Cu

Fe

Zn

Ra

Solution

Question 5

Production of transgenic humans

The creation of cells capable of synthesizing economically important molecules

The efficient production of useful recombinant proteins

Both B and C

Solution

Question 6

Isolation of mRNA transcribing for insulin pancreas cell.

Isolation of nucleotides transcribing for insulin from pancreas cell.

Isolation of gene producing insulin from human DNA.

Attachment of gene producing insulin from human DNA to plasmid using ligase.

Solution

Question 7

Holly sheep and Tomato

Dolly sheep and Subabul

Molly sheep and Banana

Bt Cotton and Tomato (Flavr Savr)

Solution

Question 8

A- 2, B- 5, C- 1, D- 3

A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 4

A- 3, B- 5, C- 1, D- 2

A- 2, B- 1, C- 5, D- 3

Solution

Question 9

They may cause allergies

They may alter genes

They may cause mutations and release toxins

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

The same number of genes as food produced from conventional crops

The same number of genes as foods produced from hybrid crops

One or two additional genes

Hundreds of additional genes

No genes at all

Solution

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