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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 43

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 43
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is a correct statement?
    Solution
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation for the correct answer:
    • Hirudin is a leech-derived thrombin inhibitor with a high potency.
    • As it is difficult to extract large amounts of hirudin from natural sources, a recombinant biotechnology method for producing and purifying this protein has been developed using $$\textit{Brassica napus}$$ seeds. 
    Explanation for the incorrect answers:
    Option A: The Bt in "Bt Cotton" stands for $$\textit{Bacillus thuringiensis}$$.
    Option B: Somatic hybridization is a technique that allows for protoplast fusion, which allows for manipulation of the cellular genome.
    Option D: Tomatoes that have not been genetically modified are picked before they are fully ripe and artificially ripened with ethylene gas, a plant hormone. The shelf life of Flavr Savr tomatoes could be extended by allowing them to ripen on the vine.
    Hence, the correct statement is hirudin is produced from transgenic $$\textit{Brassica napus}$$ seeds. 

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Giant mouse has been produced through
    Solution
    A transgenic animal is that animal which carries the foreign gene. Foreign gene is inserted into the genome by the process of recombinant DNA technology and such DNA is called as recombinant DNA which is then transferred into embryos prior to birth. Normal mice cannot be infected with poliovirus due to lack of receptors as humans on the cell-surface So, the giant mouse is developed from a fertilized egg transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule containing the gene for human growth hormone which acts as a strong mouse gene promoter and consists receptors for poliovirus in their cell surface.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful technique to
    Solution
    The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most powerful technique that has been developed recently in the area of recombinant DNA research and is having an impact on many areas of molecular cloning and genetics. With this technique, a target sequence of DNA can be amplified a billion fold in several hours. This procedure has been applied to forensic analysis.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is a correct statement?
    Solution
    Brassica napus gene is responsible for the production of hirudin anticoagulant protein. 
    Bt cotton is a genetically modified variety of cotton producing an insecticide. Bt indicates the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. 
    The process by which protoplasts of two different plant species fuse together to form hybrids is known as somatic hybridisation. 
    A genetically modified tomato, or transgenic tomato is a tomato that has had its genes modified, using genetic engineering. The first commercially available genetically modified food was a tomato engineered to have a longer shelf life (the Flavr Savr). 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Gene therapy for deleterious mutations in blood cells is becoming possible by introducing normal genes into blood cell precursors in the laboratory and re-injecting these cells into the patient. Which of the following would not be associated with this kind of gene therapy research?
    Solution
    The objective of gene therapy is to treat diseases by introducing functional genes into the patient's body to alter the cells involved in the disease process by either replacing missing genes or providing copies of functioning genes to replace nonfunctioning ones. The inserted genes can be naturally-occurring genes that produce the desired effect or may be genetically engineered (or altered) genes. There are two types of gene therapy. Germ-line gene therapy introduces genes into reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) to correct genetic abnormalities that could be passed on to future generations. In somatic gene therapy, the therapeutic genes are inserted into tissue or cells to produce a naturally occurring protein or substance that is lacking or not functioning correctly in an individual patient. With gene therapy, the treatment or elimination of inherited diseases or physical conditions due to gene mutations are possible.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Genetically engineered bacteria have been used in commercial production of
    Solution
    In the 1980s, researchers used genetic engineering to manufacture a human insulin. In 1982, the Eli Lilly Corporation produced a human insulin that became the first approved genetically engineered pharmaceutical product. Human insulin is grown in the lab inside common bacteria. Escherichia coli is by far the most widely used type of bacterium used. Synthesizing human insulin is a multi-step biochemical process that depends on basic recombinant DNA techniques and an understanding of the insulin gene. DNA carries the small segment of the DNA, the insulin gene, which codes for the protein insulin. Manufacturers manipulate the biological precursor to insulin so that it grows inside simple bacteria.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Hirudin is
    Solution
    The plants in which foreign genes have been introduced through genetic engineering are called as transgenic plants. There are two techniques for introducing foreign genes (transgenes) into the plant cell genome. They are: (i) through a vector and (ii) through direct introduction of DNA. Hirudin is a protein that prevents blood clotting. Its gene was chemically synthesised and was transferred into Brassica napus, where hirudin accumulates in seeds due to the translation of the gene. The hirudin is extracted and purified and used as medicine.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Transgenic animal has
    Solution
    A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology. A transgenic organism carries in all its cells a foreign gene that was inserted by laboratory techniques. Each transgenic organism is produced by introducing cloned genes, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from microbes, animals or plants, into plant and animal cells. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Humulin is produced by genetic engineering using one of the following organisms.
    Solution
    • Humulin is a genetically engineered insulin that got licensed for human use in 1982. 
    • Insulin is the product produced by the pancreas that controls blood glucose levels. 
    • But in a diabetic patient that is not produced in sufficient amounts so this is given in the form of injections. 
    • This is produced by taking the yeast and bacteria like E. coli as hosts. 
    • The gene for the human insulin is synthesized and inserted into E. coli and cultured.
    Hence, option B is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The transgenic animals are those which have
    Solution
    A transgenic animal is that animal which carries the foreign gene. Foreign gene is inserted into the genome by the process of recombinant DNA technology and such DNA is called as recombinant DNA which is then transferred into embryos prior to birth. Each transferred gene is assimilated by the genetic material or chromosomes of the embryo and subsequently can be expressed in all tissues of the resulting animal
    So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'
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