Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 47

Human insulin is prepared by using genetic engineering (rDNA technology).
The steps involved in production of insulin are:

Human insulin gene is isolated from human tissue. The cells are removed and cultured. The cell is broken and DNA is isolated by breaking the nucleus. The desired gene is obtained by cutting DNA with the help of restriction endonuclease. DNA containing the desired gene is called passenger DNA.

Plasmids are usually used as vectors. The plasmid is cleaved open at a site with the help of restriction endonuclease. Now, the desired gene of interest is mixed with the plasmid DNA and joined by means of DNA ligase. The plasmid containing the desired gene is called recombinant DNA.

The recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell (eg. E.coli). When the bacterial cell divided rapidly, the plasmid along with the desired gene is also amplified. Thus, several copies of the desired gene are produced. The desired gene is allowed to produce the desired product i.e. Insulin. 

So the correct answer is option B.

A. Correct option - B

WIDAL test is used to diagnose typhoid.

Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism, including extraembryonic tissues. Protoplasts are naked plant cells without the cell wall, but they possess plasma membrane and all other cellular components. Protoplasts of different species can be fused to generate a hybrid and this process is referred to as somatic hybridization (or protoplast fusion). The protoplast in culture can be regenerated into a whole plant and its genetic transformations can be achieved through genetic engineering of protoplast DNA. This proves that totipotency is best shown in protoplast culture.

Correct answer: D

Explanation:

ELISA or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a plate-based technique, Which was the first screening test commonly employed for the HIV virus.

The common principle of the ELISA is the use of enzyme conjugates that, it binds to the specific HIV antibody and substrates or the chromogens, which produces color in the reaction which is catalyzed by the bound enzyme-conjugate.

Thus, the proper answer is 'ELISA’.

Biotechnology is the area involving the development of living organisms by so technical applications. It uses biological systems to modify the products. It is largely used in agriculture for developing genetic engineering and new crops yields.