Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 6

Insulin is a hormone released by pancreas that control sugar level in blood. Diabetic patients take insulin in form of injection to control blood sugar level.

insulin is taken from the pancreases of animals, usually pigs (porcine or pork insulin) and cows (bovine or beef insulin).

The insulin is purified which reduces the chance of the insulin user developing a reaction to the insulin.This insulin caused allergy in diabetic patients.

A four-year old girl became the first gene therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical Center. She has adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a genetic disease which leaves her defenseless against infections.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, also called ELISA or EIA, is a test that detects and measures antibodies in your blood. This test can be used to determine if you have antibodies related to certain infectious conditions. It is used to detected the disease at early stage.

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of antigens (for example, hormone levels in blood) by use of antibodies. As such, it can be seen as the inverse of a radiobinding assay, which quantifies an antibody by use of corresponding antigens

A series of blood screenings are performed to test for HIV. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), also known as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), is the first test that your healthcare provider will order to screen for HIV. ELISA, like the Western blot test, detects HIV antibodies in your blood.

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and В chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and В were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the Fab's variable region.

Gene therapy is used to treat hereditary genetic disorders which involve delivery of normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of non-functional gene.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by human immuno virus. This virus has single stranded RNA as genetic material in place of DNA.